瓦里关30年大气本底观测研究回顾和展望

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2024.222

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了应对气候变化并对大气成分及其相关物理、化学特性等进行系统的全球化观测，在青海省瓦里关山建成了欧亚大陆腹地第一个全球大气本底基准观象台（以下简称瓦里关本底站)，开展了包括温室气体、气溶胶、臭氧、辐射、酸雨等关键成分的长期观测，并开展了其与天气、气候、环境和人体健康效应相互作用的研究。文中系统回顾瓦里关本底站过去30年的发展历程、主要观测项目及其研究成果并展望未来的发展方向和研究重点，并指出了观测技术的提升、创新和新观测项目的引入是进一步精准描述本底大气特征对全球气候与环境变化多尺度响应的重要发展方向。

关键词: 瓦里关本底站, 大气成分, 观测, 气候变化

Abstract:

In order to respond to climate change and to conduct systematic globalized observations of atmospheric constituents and their related physical and chemical properties, the Chinese government, in cooperation with the WMO and the United Nations Global Environment Facility (GEF), established the first global atmospheric baseline observatory (the Waliguan Baseline Observatory) in the Eurasian hinterland at Waliguan Mountain, Qinghai province, in September 1994, and has also conducted long-term observations of key atmospheric constituents, including greenhouse gases, aerosols, ozone, radiation, and acid rain, which are closely related to weather, climate, the environment and human health. After 30 years of construction and development, the Waliguan Baseline Observatory has accumulated a large amount of first-hand and globally representative atmospheric background observational data, which provide fundamental support for in-depth research, assessment and prediction of changes in atmospheric composition and their impacts on weather and climate changes, and also serve as an early warning and monitoring of future changes in atmospheric composition. This paper systematically reviews the Waliguan Baseline Observatory’s development history, major observing programs, and research results over the past 30 years. It also looks forward to future development direction and research focus.

Key words: Waliguan Baseline Observatory, Atmospheric composition, Observation, Climate change

车慧正, 张晓春, 王剑琼, 沈小静, 张根, 徐婉筠, 郑宇, 张小曳. 瓦里关30年大气本底观测研究回顾和展望[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2025, 21(2): 186-197.

CHE Hui-Zheng, ZHANG Xiao-Chun, WANG Jian-Qiong, SHEN Xiao-Jing, ZHANG Gen, XU Wan-Yun, ZHENG Yu, ZHANG Xiao-Ye. Review and outlook of 30 years of atmospheric background observations at Mt. Waliguan[J]. Climate Change Research, 2025, 21(2): 186-197.

图/表 3

表1 全球和瓦里关本底站主要温室气体浓度和增量①

Table 1 Major GHG concentrations and increases at the global and Waliguan baseline observatories①

图1 1990年以来瓦里关站大气CO2、CH4、N2O浓度及其增长速率① 注：上图中的蓝点表示月平均值，红线为其线性拟合曲线；下图中的红点表示各月增长速率，灰色为增长速率年平均。

Fig. 1 Atmospheric concentrations of CO2, CH4, and N2O (above) and their growth rates (below) at the Waliguan Baseline Observatory since 1990①

图2 瓦里关站春季(a)和秋季(b) O3观测值及模拟值变化趋势

Fig. 2 Trends in spring (a) and autumn (b) ozone observations, and simulations at the Waliguan Baseline Observatory

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