气候变化背景下青藏高原湿地生态系统响应特征：回顾与展望

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2024.083

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高寒湿地是青藏高原重要的地表覆盖类型之一，连接了高原不同的地理圈层，对于维持高原生态系统功能具有重要作用和价值。湿地固有的系统特征和高原特殊的自然地理环境决定了高原湿地生态系统对气候变化敏感。已有研究表明，青藏高原湿地类型多样，但研究间差异大；湿地对气候变化的响应表现了显著的时空差异和类型差异；高原湿地的综合生态功能有待于深入开展科学评估；湿地相关专题数据产品的缺乏等问题限制了对湿地在碳循环、生物多样性保护等领域的深入研究。未来需加强多源技术综合、多学科交叉研究，开展湿地变化的环境效应模拟和生态功能的定量评估研究等建议，为高寒湿地的可持续管理提供科学支持。

关键词: 青藏高原, 高寒湿地, 湿地遥感, 湿地生态系统, 气候变化

Abstract:

Alpine wetland is one of the important types of land cover on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, which connects different geospheres of the plateau and plays an important role and value for maintaining the function of the plateau ecosystem. The inherent characteristics of wetland system and the special natural geographical environment of the plateau determine that the plateau wetland ecosystem is sensitive to climate change. Previous studies have shown that the types of wetlands in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are diverse, but there are large discrepancies between studies, the response of wetlands to climate change shows significant temporal and spatial differences and typological differences, the comprehensive ecological functions of plateau wetlands need to be scientifically evaluated, and the lack of wetland-related thematic data products limit the in-depth research on wetlands, especially, in the fields of carbon cycle and biodiversity conservation. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the synthesis of multi-source technology, interdisciplinary cross-research, and launch the simulation of environmental effects of wetland changes and quantitative assessment studies of ecological functions, and so on, which are suggesting to provide scientific support for the sustainable management of alpine wetlands.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Alpine wetland, Wetland remote sensing, Wetland ecosystem, Climate change

牛振国, 景雨航, 张东启, 张波. 气候变化背景下青藏高原湿地生态系统响应特征：回顾与展望[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2024, 20(5): 509-518.

NIU Zhen-Guo, JING Yu-Hang, ZHANG Dong-Qi, ZHANG Bo. An overview and the outlook for wetland ecosystems in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau under climate change[J]. Climate Change Research, 2024, 20(5): 509-518.

图/表 3

表1 不同研究对青藏高原湿地类型的划分

Table 1 Classification of wetland types on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by various studies

图1 2021年青藏高原湿地分布[13]

Fig. 1 Distribution of wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in 2021 [13]

图2 基于时间序列数据的青藏高原色林措湖泊水面变化[24]

Fig. 2 Surface water dynamics of Selincuo Lake based on time-series satellite data [24]

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