气候变化影响我国大气重污染事件的研究进展

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2024.201

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地表细颗粒物（PM_2.5）和臭氧（O₃）重污染事件是我国大气污染治理的重点关注对象。文中综述了中国近几年关于气候变化对PM_2.5和O₃重污染事件影响的研究进展。结果表明，PM_2.5重污染事件主要发生在静稳天气条件下而O₃重污染事件主要发生在高温低湿天气条件下。气候变化（包括气候系统内部变率和大气成分变化驱动的全球变暖)，主要通过影响大尺度环流和区域环流进而影响局地重污染气象条件。目前关于气候变化影响PM_2.5的研究较为系统，能识别气候因子或全球变暖对典型重污染事件或重污染事件长期变化趋势的影响，但气候变化影响O₃重污染事件的研究还较少。

关键词: 细颗粒物（PM_2.5), 臭氧（O₃), 大气重污染事件, 气候变化

Abstract:

Severe air pollution events by fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) and ozone (O₃) are the target of air pollution control in China. This paper reviews the research progress on the impacts of climate change on severe pollution events of PM_2.5 and O₃ in China in recent years. The results show that severe PM_2.5 pollution mainly occurs under stagnant weather conditions, while severe O₃ pollution mainly occurs under conditions of high temperature and low humidity. Climate change (including both anthropogenic global warming and the natural variability in the climate system) affects the local meteorological conditions that are conducive to severe pollution through changing large-scale circulation and regional circulation pattern. At present, the research on the impacts of climate change on severe PM_2.5 pollution is quite advanced, with the capability of identifying the impacts of climate factors or global warming on typical severe pollution events or the long-term trends of such events. However, there are few studies on the impacts of climate change on severe ozone pollution.

Key words: Particulate matter (PM_2.5), Ozone (O₃), Severe air pollution events, Climate change

秦卓凡, 廖宏, 代慧斌. 气候变化影响我国大气重污染事件的研究进展[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2025, 21(1): 56-68.

QIN Zhuo-Fan, LIAO Hong, DAI Hui-Bin. A review of the impacts of climate change on severe air pollution events[J]. Climate Change Research, 2025, 21(1): 56-68.

图/表 4

图1 气候变化影响空气质量示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of impact of climate change on air quality

图2 2014—2023年中国4个地区不同标准下的PM2.5重污染天数的逐年变化(a) PM2.5日均浓度>150 μg/m3，(b) PM2.5日均浓度>100 μg/m3 注：数据来自中国环境检测总站， http://www.cnemc.cn。

Fig. 2 Yearly variation of the frequency of severe PM2.5 pollution under different standards in four regions in China from 2014 to 2023. (a) Daily mean concentration > 150 μg/m3, (b) daily mean concentration > 100 μg/m3

图3 2014—2023年京津冀地区冬季（当年12月至次年2月）PM2.5浓度的逐日变化注：红色虚线表示PM2.5重污染天的浓度阈值（150 μg/m3），红色阴影表示PM2.5重污染天持续3 d及以上的时间段。数据来自中国环境检测总站， http://www.cnemc.cn。

Fig. 3 Daily variation of PM2.5 concentration in winter (from December to February) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2014 to 2023

图4 2014—2023年京津冀地区夏季（6—8月）MDA8_O3的逐日变化注：红色虚线表示O3污染天的浓度阈值（160 μg/m3），红色阴影表示O3重污染事件持续3 d及以上的时间段。数据来自中国环境检测总站， http://www.cnemc.cn。

Fig. 4 Daily variation of O3 concentration in summer (from June to August) in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from 2014 to 2023

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