中日建筑全生命周期碳排放比较

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2023.195

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全生命周期的建筑碳减排在日本已有广泛的应用和发展。由于中日建筑全生命周期碳排放统计口径存在差异，为准确开展中日建筑碳排放对比分析带来了难度。文中首先从计算边界、建材统计精度、碳排放因子数量等方面建立了中日同口径的全生命周期碳排放计算模型，并基于此对中日案例建筑的全生命周期碳排放特征开展比较和分析。发现中国案例的建筑全生命周期碳排放略高于日本，其中运行阶段碳排放明显高于日本。此外建筑建材性能对碳排放影响显著，日本建筑利用低碳建材，生产碳排放低，建材使用寿命长，使维护、废弃阶段碳排放均低于中国建筑案例。

关键词: 建筑, 全生命周期, 碳排放, 碳排放因子, 统计分析, 对比

Abstract:

The entire lifecycle carbon reduction of buildings has been widely applied and developed in Japan. Due to the similar regional characteristics, climate conditions, and cultural environment between China and Japan, the comparative analysis of building carbon emissions in China and Japan has high reference significance and value for the low-carbon development of buildings in China. However, due to the differences in the statistical caliber of carbon emissions throughout the entire lifecycle of buildings between China and Japan, it has brought difficulties to accurately carry out comparative analysis of carbon emissions in Chinese and Japanese buildings. In this study, an entire lifecycle carbon emission calculation model with the same caliber as China and Japan was first established from the aspects of calculation boundaries, statistical accuracy of building materials, and number of carbon emission factors. Based on this, a comparison and analysis of the entire lifecycle carbon emission characteristics of Chinese and Japanese building cases was conducted. It was found that the carbon emissions throughout the entire lifecycle of Chinese construction cases were slightly higher than those of Japan, especially during the operational phase, where carbon emissions were 43.52% higher than Japan. In addition, the performance of building materials has a significant impact on carbon emissions. Japanese buildings use low-carbon building materials to produce low carbon emissions and have a long service life, resulting in lower carbon emissions during maintenance and disposal compared to Chinese construction cases.

Key words: Architecture, Entire lifecycle, Carbon emissions, Carbon emission factor, Statistical analysis, Contrast

罗晓予, 曹星煜, 宋志茜. 中日建筑全生命周期碳排放比较[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2024, 20(2): 220-230.

LUO Xiao-Yu, CAO Xing-Yu, SONG Zhi-Qian. Comparison of carbon emissions throughout the entire lifecycle of buildings between China and Japan[J]. Climate Change Research, 2024, 20(2): 220-230.

图/表 11

表1 中日建筑碳排放因子数量统计

Table 1 Statistics on the quantity of carbon emission factors in Chinese and Japanese buildings

表2 中国低碳节能设备碳排放因子补充

Table 2 Supplement to carbon emission factors for low carbon and energy saving equipment in China

表3 中日不同阶段的碳排放核算方法

Table 3 Carbon emission accounting methods for different stages in China and Japan

表4 建筑全生命周期各阶段碳排放计算所需数据来源

Table 4 Source of data required for carbon emission calculation at various stages of the entire lifecycle of buildings

表5 中日案例建筑各阶段单位面积碳排放对比

Table 5 Comparison of carbon emissions per unit area in different stages of Chinese and Japanese case buildings

表6 各类建材单位面积碳排放对比

Table 6 Comparison of carbon emissions per unit area of various building materials

表7 中日案例建筑单位面积建材用量与同类建材碳排放因子对比

Table 7 Comparison of building materials consumption per unit area and carbon emission factors of similar building materials in Chinese and Japanese cases

表8 中日案例建筑能耗及运行碳排放

Table 8 Building energy consumption and operating carbon emissions in Chinese and Japanese cases

图1 中日电力碳排放因子变化趋势图

Fig. 1 Trend chart of carbon emission factors in China and Japan electric power

图2 中日建材使用寿命对比[13-14]

Fig. 2 Comparison of service life of building materials between China and Japan [13-14]

表9 中日建材回收系数

Table 9 Recycling coefficient of building materials in China and Japan

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