中国主要城市大气与地表热岛效应的对比研究

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2023.048

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

伴随着我国城市化的飞速发展，城市热岛效应日益严峻，对生态环境和人类健康的危害也逐渐加强。文中以我国84个主要城市为例，利用气象观测和遥感数据基于城乡气象站点温度差异，对比分析了2007—2017年我国大气与地表城市热岛效应的差异，并得出以下主要结论：2007—2017年白天和夜晚平均大气热岛强度分别为0.37℃和1.15℃，变化趋势分别为﹣0.10℃/(10 a)和﹣0.15℃/(10 a)；平均地表热岛强度分别达1.08℃和1.32℃，变化趋势分别为﹣0.03℃/(10 a)和0.13℃/(10 a)。大气热岛效应与地表热岛效应在强度、空间分布、日变化、季节变化和年际变化趋势方面均存在明显差异。此外，发现现有的国家气象站点观测数据存在低估城市热岛效应的风险。本文结果证实了我国大气热岛效应的极大时空异质性及其与地表热岛效应时空格局的巨大差异，强调了从大尺度开展多方法集成研究，进而全面把握城市热岛效应演变规律的重要性。未来需加强对大气热岛效应的高密度观测与驱动机制的研究。

关键词: 大气城市热岛效应, 地表城市热岛效应, MODIS, 对比分析

Abstract:

With rapid urbanization in China, urban heat island effect is becoming increasingly severe, and the harm to the ecological environment and human health is also gradually strengthened. Taking 84 major cities in China as an example, the differences between the atmospheric and surface urban heat island effect were compared and analyzed by using meteorological observation and remote sensing data from 2007 to 2017. The main results are as follows. The average atmospheric heat island intensity during the day and night from 2007 to 2017 is 0.37℃ and 1.15℃ respectively, and the change trend was -0.10℃/(10 a) and -0.15℃/(10 a) respectively. The average surface heat island intensity reached 1.08℃ and 1.32℃ respectively, and the change trend was -0.03℃/(10 a) and 0.13℃/(10 a) respectively. There were obvious differences between atmospheric and surface urban heat island effect in intensity, spatial distribution, diurnal variation, seasonal variation and interannual variation trend. In addition, it was found that the existing national meteorological station observation data have the risk of underestimating the urban heat island effect. The results of this paper confirm the great temporal and spatial heterogeneity of atmospheric urban heat island effect in China and its difference from surface urban heat island effect in the temporal and spatial pattern, and emphasize the importance of carrying out multi- method integration research on a large scale, so as to comprehensively grasp the evolution law of urban heat island effect. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen the research on the high-density observation and driving mechanism of atmospheric urban heat island effect.

Key words: Atmospheric urban heat island effect, Surface urban heat island effect, MODIS, Comparative analysis

李宇, 李亚琴, 赵居双. 中国主要城市大气与地表热岛效应的对比研究[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2023, 19(5): 605-615.

LI Yu, LI Ya-Qin, ZHAO Ju-Shuang. A comparative study of atmospheric and surface urban heat island effects in China’s major cities[J]. Climate Change Research, 2023, 19(5): 605-615.

图/表 6

图1 2007—2017年中国主要城市大气与地表热岛强度空间分布

Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of atmospheric and surface heat island intensity in major cities of China during 2007-2017

图2 2007—2017年中国不同地区大气(a1)与地表(a2)热岛强度簇状图，以及中国主要城市白天(b1)和夜晚(b2)大气与地表热岛强度散点图注：s是拟合线斜率，R2是拟合线的拟合程度，下同。

Fig. 2 Atmospheric (a1) and surface (a2) heat island intensity in different regions of China, and scatter diagram of atmospheric and surface heat island intensity of major cities in China during the day (b1) and night (b2) from 2007 to 2017

图3 2007—2017年中国不同地区大气与地表热岛强度逐月变化

Fig. 3 Annual variation of atmospheric and surface heat island intensity in different regions of China from 2007 to 2017

图4 2007—2017年中国主要城市大气与基于站点的地表热岛强度年际变化速率分布

Fig. 4 Distribution of interannual variation rate of atmospheric and surface heat island intensity based on stations in major cities of China from 2007 to 2017

图5 2007—2017年中国大气与地表热岛强度年际变化趋势

Fig. 5 Interannual variation trend of atmospheric and surface heat island intensity in China from 2007 to 2017

图6 2007—2017年中国基于站点与区域的地表热岛强度散点图

Fig. 6 Scatter map of surface heat island intensity of China based on stations and urban-rural areas from 2007 to 2017

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