气候变化研究进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (6): 749-760.doi: 10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2023.128
收稿日期:
2023-06-12
修回日期:
2023-07-25
出版日期:
2023-11-30
发布日期:
2023-10-30
通讯作者:
胡姗,女,助理研究员,作者简介:
杨子艺,女,博士研究生
基金资助:
YANG Zi-Yi, HU Shan(), XU Tian-Hao, YAN Da, JIANG Yi
Received:
2023-06-12
Revised:
2023-07-25
Online:
2023-11-30
Published:
2023-10-30
摘要:
在我国“双碳”目标的背景下,建筑领域亟需明确实现碳达峰碳中和的路径。为应对全球气候变化,多国均已提出碳达峰碳中和目标和建筑领域减碳路径。开展各国建筑能耗和碳排放对比研究是认识我国建筑领域现状水平、分析未来发展趋势并设计碳中和路径的重要手段,也可以为其他发展中国家提供参考。文中提出了采用电力当量法折算建筑运行总能耗的方法,应用于各国建筑运行能耗的对比研究,并提出了各国建筑运行碳排放的对比研究方法。对各国建筑运行能耗和碳排放开展横向对比,剖析各国建筑运行能耗和碳排放的主导因素和实现碳中和的关键措施。结果表明,我国建筑运行的人均和单位面积能耗以及碳排放强度相较发达国家均处于较低水平,但建筑运行人均碳排放和单位当量用电碳排放已高于全球平均值。我国建筑领域碳中和路径,一方面要维持绿色低碳生活方式,另一方面应继续推进建筑用能电气化,助力新型零碳电力系统建设,通过电力系统的低碳来实现建筑运行的低碳。
杨子艺, 胡姗, 徐天昊, 燕达, 江亿. 面向碳中和的各国建筑运行能耗与碳排放对比研究方法及应用[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2023, 19(6): 749-760.
YANG Zi-Yi, HU Shan, XU Tian-Hao, YAN Da, JIANG Yi. Method and application of global building operation energy use and carbon emissions comparison in the context of carbon neutrality[J]. Climate Change Research, 2023, 19(6): 749-760.
图3 2020年中国和OECD国家能源转换系数和全球基准值(a)煤,(b)石油,(c)天然气
Fig. 3 Energy conversion factors in China and OECD countries and the global benchmark in 2020. (a) Coal, (b) oil, and (c) gas
图4 2020年各国建筑运行能耗对比(建筑当量用电法) 注:圆圈面积表示建筑运行碳排放总量。
Fig. 4 Comparison of building operation energy use in different countries in 2020 (electricity-equivalent method)
图5 2000—2020年各国建筑领域用能电气化率(a)电热当量法,(b)发电煤耗法
Fig. 5 Electrification rate of building sector in different countries in 2000-2020. (a) Electro-thermal equivalent method, (b) gross coal consumption rate for fossil-fired plant method
图7 2000和2020年典型国家建筑运行碳排放变化趋势对比 注:圆圈面积表示建筑运行碳排放总量。
Fig. 7 Comparison of building operation carbon emissions trend in different countries in 2000 and 2020
图8 2020年全球建筑运行能耗强度与碳排放强度对比 注:圆圈面积表示建筑运行碳排放总量。
Fig. 8 Global comparison of building operation energy use intensity and carbon emission intensity in 2020
图9 2020年典型国家建筑运行能耗强度与碳排放强度对比 注:圆圈面积表示建筑运行碳排放总量。
Fig. 9 Comparison of building operation energy use intensity and carbon emission intensity in different countries in 2020
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