近零能耗建筑碳排放及影响因素分析

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2021.107

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于全生命周期评价理论,建立了建筑全生命周期碳排放计算模型,以严寒地区某近零能耗建筑为例,开展了建筑全生命周期碳排放核算。同时,选取了建筑保温材料类型、保温材料厚度、窗户类型、窗墙面积比、供暖系统形式以及建筑使用寿命等影响因素,开展了建筑碳排放影响因素研究。结果表明：近零能耗建筑全生命周期内建材生产运输、建筑施工、建筑运行以及建筑拆除清理阶段碳排放占比分别为51.3%、1.3%、47.3%、0.1%;通过采用低碳环保材料、保温材料厚度在160~260 mm之间、窗墙面积比在0.1~0.2之间、采用太阳能+地源热泵供能方式以及延长建筑使用寿命能够降低建筑全生命周期年均碳排放。

关键词: 近零能耗建筑, 全生命周期评价, 影响因素, 碳排放

Abstract:

In this study, a demonstration center of a near-zero energy building in a cold region was selected as a case to carry out the life-cycle carbon emissions accounting of the near-zero energy building. Numerical simulation method was used to select the type of building thermal insulation material, thickness of thermal insulation material, window type, window-wall area ratio, form of heating and air conditioning and building service life, and analyze the influencing factors of carbon emissions in the whole life cycle of the building. The results show that the carbon emissions in the production and transportation, construction, operation and demolition and cleaning stages of building materials account for 51.3%, 1.3%, 47.3% and 0.1%, respectively, in the whole life cycle of near-zero energy buildings. Compared with other buildings, it is found that with the improvement of building energy saving requirements, carbon emissions in the production stage of building materials account for more and more; One-third of the life cycle carbon emissions of near-zero energy buildings are about one-third of ordinary buildings, and one-third of green ones; Through the use of low-carbon environmental protection materials, insulation material thickness between 160-260 mm, window-wall area ratio between 0.1-0.2, solar+ground source heat pump energy supply mode and prolonging the service life of the building can reduce the carbon emissions in the whole life cycle of the building.

Key words: Near-zero energy building, Full life cycle assessment, Influencing factors, Carbon emissions

冯国会, 崔航, 常莎莎, 黄凯良, 王茜如. 近零能耗建筑碳排放及影响因素分析[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2022, 18(2): 205-214.

FENG Guo-Hui, CUI Hang, CHANG Sha-Sha, HUANG Kai-Liang, WANG Xi-Ru. Analysis of carbon emissions and influencing factors of near-zero energy buildings[J]. Climate Change Research, 2022, 18(2): 205-214.

图/表 12

表1 案例建筑围护结构的材料及热工参数

Table 1 Material and thermal parameters of building envelope

表2 建材生产与运输阶段活动数据和排放因子

Table 2 Activity data and emission factors of building materials production and transportation

表3 建筑施工阶段活动数据

Table 3 Activity data of building construction

表4 建筑运行阶段活动数据

Table 4 Activity data of building operation

图1 不同研究全生命周期单位面积碳排放量占比

Fig. 1 Ratio of carbon emissions per unit area in the whole life cycle of different researches

图2 建筑施工阶段不同保温材料的碳排放(a)及建筑能耗值(b)

Fig. 2 Carbon emissions (a) and building energy consumption (b) of different thermal insulation materials in building construction

图3 不同保温层厚度的碳排放

Fig. 3 Carbon emissions of different insulation thickness

图4 不同框架结构窗户碳排放量

Fig. 4 Carbon emissions of windows with different frame structures

图5 不同玻璃类型碳排放量

Fig. 5 Carbon emissions of different glass types

图6 不同窗墙面积比下建筑能耗和碳排放量变化

Fig. 6 Energy consumption and carbon emissions change of different window wall ratio

表5 不同能源系统运行情况

Table 5 Operation of different energy systems

图7 建筑使用寿命对不同阶段碳排放的影响

Fig. 7 Impact of building service life on carbon emissions under different phase

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