气候变化研究进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (5): 616-633.doi: 10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2022.286

• 温室气体排放 • 上一篇    下一篇

“双碳”目标下中国能源供需演变路径规划模拟研究

蔡立亚1(), 郭剑锋2, 石川3, 王浩彬3(), 朱荣琦4, 牛艳5, 薛志光6, 白若冰7, 计军平8, 段婧琳1   

  1. 1 国家电投集团科学技术研究院有限公司,北京 102209
    2 中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京 100190
    3 清华大学环境学院,北京 100084
    4 北京航空航天大学经济管理学院,北京 100191
    5 清华大学电机系,北京 100084
    6 清华大学工程物理系,北京 100084
    7 清华大学建设管理系,北京 100084
    8 哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)经济管理学院,深圳 518055
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-27 修回日期:2023-10-23 出版日期:2023-09-30 发布日期:2023-07-17
  • 通讯作者: 王浩彬,男,博士研究生,whb19@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:蔡立亚,女,高级经济师,loveparadise15@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    公司项目“企业绿色低碳领先指数研究”(C-TZH-202301)

Simulation research on the evolution pathway planning of energy supply and demand in China under the dual carbon targets

CAI Li-Ya1(), GUO Jian-Feng2, SHI Chuan3, WANG Hao-Bin3(), ZHU Rong-Qi4, NIU Yan5, XUE Zhi-Guang6, BAI Ruo-Bing7, JI Jun-Ping8, DUAN Jing-Lin1   

  1. 1 State Power Investment Corporation Research Institute, Beijing 102209, China
    2 Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
    3 School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    4 School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
    5 Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    6 Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    7 Department of Construction Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
    8 School of Economics and Management, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
  • Received:2022-12-27 Revised:2023-10-23 Online:2023-09-30 Published:2023-07-17

摘要:

能源低碳转型是实现碳达峰、碳中和的关键,关系到我国经济社会发展全局。基于LEAP能源系统模型,以电力行业为重点减排行业,提出中国中长期“双碳”发展路径构想,模拟多情景下的能源需求、能源供给、CO2排放量和成本,分析能源配置的生态及经济影响。研究发现能源消费呈现“减煤稳油增气,电能替代加速”的局面,终端能源消费可在2040年前达峰,终端能源消费CO2排放可在2030年前达峰,碳捕集利用与封存(CCUS)技术是实现CO2减排,同时保持一定火电规模以维持电网安全稳定运行的重要手段,且未来逐步具有技术优势。最后,提出了持续推进碳排放总量和强度“双控”,以技术革新促进电力系统低碳转型,以及完善全国碳市场建设促进碳排放交易等三方面实现“双碳”目标的政策建议。

关键词: 碳达峰, 能源消费, LEAP模型, 碳捕集利用与封存(CCUS), 碳减排

Abstract:

Low carbon energy transition is essential to achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality, and is related to economic and social development of China. Based on the LEAP energy system model, and with the electric power industry as the key emission reduction sector, the medium- and long-term pathway was explored for China to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality, energy demand, energy supply, CO2 emissions and costs were simulated in multiple scenarios, and the ecological and economic impacts of energy allocation were analyzed. It can be concluded that energy consumption shows a trend of reducing coal, stabilizing oil, increasing gas, and accelerating electricity substitution. Final energy consumptions could reach the peak before 2040 and CO2 emissions from final energy consumptions could reach the peak before 2030. The carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology is crucial to achieving CO2 emission targets, while maintaining a certain amount of thermal power capacity to ensure the stability and safety of the power grid, and will gradually have the technical advantage in the future. At last, this paper proposes policy recommendations for achieving the dual carbon goals in terms of promoting controls of total carbon emissions and intensity, accelerating the low-carbon transformation of the power system by CCUS and other technologies innovations, and improving the construction of the national carbon market to promote carbon emissions trading.

Key words: Carbon emission peak, Energy consumption, LEAP model, Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS), Carbon emission reduction

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