2022年北京冬季奥运会人工造雪气象条件初步研究

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2018.100

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用北京和张家口地区气象站建站至2016年历年11月至次年3月气象资料,研究2022年北京冬奥会人工造雪地面气象条件,结果表明：降水相态与地面气温(T)和相对湿度线性组合关系密切,通过计算不同温度对应降水相态频率,发现北京T≤-0.2℃,张家口市T≤-0.8℃时,降水相态为雪的频率≥95%;估算了冬奥会和残奥会举办地区域自动气象站2014—2016年赛事期间可造雪时数,发现冬奥期间造雪时数较为充足,残奥期间造雪时数较少,可以采用造雪和储雪结合保证赛事用雪。

关键词: 人工造雪, 气温, 相对湿度, 可造雪时数, 2022年北京冬季奥运会

Abstract:

The meteorological station routine data, including the phase state of precipitation (rain or snow), surface temperature and surface relative humidity in Beijing and Zhangjiakou, were analyzed in order to investigate the proper conditions for snowmaking, and to evaluate the snowmaking hours. The results show that the precipitation phase state is closely dependent on surface relative humidity as well as surface air temperature, the relations of surface relative humidity to surface air temperature can be obtained at each weather stations by using the regression analysis. If considering to classify the precipitation phase state by temperature only, the snow frequency is above 95% among the stations within Zhangjiakou administrative area when the surface temperature is below-0.8℃, under the calculations of the temperature and occurrence frequency of different phase state of precipitation. The snowmaking hours of 2022 Winter Olympic Games were calculated by using the regional automatic weather station temperature near the field from 2014 to 2016. It’s found that the snowmaking hours is sufficient in Winter Olympic Games period, but insufficient in the Paralympic Games period, so the snowmaking and snow-storing are suggested in order to keep enough snow for the race.

Key words: Snowmaking, Surface air temperature, Relative humidity, Snowmaking hours, Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games

毛明策,王琦,田亮. 2022年北京冬季奥运会人工造雪气象条件初步研究[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2018, 14(6): 547-552.

Ming-Ce MAO,Qi WANG,Liang TIAN. The surface meteorological condition of snowmaking for Beijing 2022 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games[J]. Climate Change Research, 2018, 14(6): 547-552.

图/表 6

图1 北京市和张家口市行政区域内的奥运场馆及气象站注：(b)图为(a)图中方框区域的放大图。

Fig. 1 Olympic venues, surface stations in Beijing and Zhangjiakou administrative divisions

Table 1 The frequency of two precipitation types occurring in Beijing with temperature and relative humidity

图2 北京和张家口降水相态频数临界点相对湿度-气温散点图

Fig. 2 Temperature and relative humidity on the relative frequency point of two precipitation types transition in Beijing and Zhangjiakou City

图3 北京和张家口雪（雨）出现频率曲线

Fig. 3 The frequency of snow or rain in Beijing and Zhangjiakou city

Table 2 Snowmaking hours during 4-20 February from 2014 to 2016 near surface stations

Table 3 Snowmaking hours during 5-15 March from 2014 to 2016 near surface stations

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