三峡大坝运行后长江中下游流域气温与植被变化特征及原因分析

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2017.071

气候变化研究进展 ›› 2017, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (6): 578-588.doi: 10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2017.071

三峡大坝运行后长江中下游流域气温与植被变化特征及原因分析

葛非凡¹, 毛克彪^1,2, 蒋跃林¹, 姜立鹏³, 范玉芬⁴, 王一舒⁵, 谭雪兰⁶, 李建军⁷

1 安徽农业大学资源与环境学院, 合肥 230036;
2 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/呼伦贝尔草原生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 北京 100081;
3 中国气象局国家气象信息中心, 北京 100081;
4 浙江省桐乡市气象局, 桐乡 314500;
5 浙江省衢州市气象局, 衢州 324000;
6 湖南农业大学资源环境学院, 长沙 410128;
7 中南林业科技大学计算机科学学院, 长沙 410004

收稿日期:2017-04-11 修回日期:2017-05-22 出版日期:2017-11-30 发布日期:2017-11-30
通讯作者: 蒋跃林 E-mail:jiangyuelin239@163.com
作者简介:葛非凡,男,硕士研究生,gffwrss@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41571427）；国家重点研发计划重点专项（2016YFC0500203）

Analysis on Characteristics and Causes of Temperature and Vegetation Changes in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River After the Three Gorges Dam Operation

Ge Feifan¹, Mao Kebiao^1,2, Jiang Yuelin¹, Jiang Lipeng³, Fan Yufen⁴, Wang Yishu⁵, Tan Xuelan⁶, Li Jianjun⁷

1 School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
2 National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
3 National Meteorological Information Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China;
4 Tongxiang Meteorological Bureau of Zhejiang, Tongxiang 314500, China;
5 Quzhou Meteorological Bureau of Zhejiang, Quzhou 324000, China;
6 College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
7 School of Computer and Information Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China

Received:2017-04-11 Revised:2017-05-22 Online:2017-11-30 Published:2017-11-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于长江中下游流域120个气象站点1971-2015年日值气温数据，2006-2015年ERA-Interim土壤湿度再分析资料和2006-2015年MODIS卫星遥感植被指数产品MOD13A3，研究了在考虑全球变暖背景下，长江中下游流域春、夏、秋、冬4个季节平均气温在三峡大坝运行前后的变化，采用百分比阈值方法量化最高和最低气温并进行MK突变检验，并分析三峡大坝运行后的长江中下游流域四季土壤湿度和增强型植被指数（EVI）的变化。结果表明：长江中下游流域四季平均气温在三峡大坝运行以后出现明显变化，江南地区主要出现增温现象，江北地区主要出现降温现象；MK突变检验结果显示，江南地区的高温日和江北的低温日均在2006年左右发生突变，与三峡大坝完全运行的时间相符；长江中下游流域土壤湿度在三峡大坝运行后出现南湿北干的变化趋势；EVI在江南地区诸多区域出现显著增加趋势，其中冬季最突出（33.06%），而江北地区诸多区域则出现显著减小趋势，其中夏季最明显（5.11%），EVI与平均气温的空间变化在春、夏、冬3个季节显著相关。

关键词: 高低温日, EVI, 气温变化, 土壤湿度, 水热条件

Abstract:

Using daily temperature data of 120 stations in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during 1971-2015, the variations of average temperature before and after the operation of Three Gorges Dam in four seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) were analyzed after removing the impacts of global warming background, the mutation times of high and low temperature days were investigated by the MK test method. Furthermore, the change in soil moisture was investigated by utilizing ERA-Interim soil moisture reanalysis data during 2006-2015, and the vegetation response to the temperature variations was analyzed by utilizing MODIS dataset during 2006-2015. The average temperature in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River showed significant changes after the operation of the Three Gorges Dam, warming phenomenon occurred in the southern study area while cooling phenomenon occurred in the northern study area. The MK test results indicated that the high temperature days in the southern study area and low temperature days in the northern study area both mutated around the time when the Three Gorges Dam began to fully operate. Soil moisture obviously increased in the southern study area. The spatial distribution of the enhanced vegetation index (EVI) trend was consistent with the change of the average temperature in spring, summer and winter, the EVI increased in the southern study area, most significantly in winter (33.06%), but decreased in the northern study area, most significantly in summer (5.11%).

Key words: high and low temperature days, enhanced vegetation index (EVI), temperature change, soil moisture, hydrothermal condition

葛非凡, 毛克彪, 蒋跃林, 姜立鹏, 范玉芬, 王一舒, 谭雪兰, 李建军. 三峡大坝运行后长江中下游流域气温与植被变化特征及原因分析[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2017, 13(6): 578-588.

Ge Feifan, Mao Kebiao, Jiang Yuelin, Jiang Lipeng, Fan Yufen, Wang Yishu, Tan Xuelan, Li Jianjun. Analysis on Characteristics and Causes of Temperature and Vegetation Changes in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River After the Three Gorges Dam Operation[J]. Climate Change Research, 2017, 13(6): 578-588.

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三峡大坝运行后长江中下游流域气温与植被变化特征及原因分析

Analysis on Characteristics and Causes of Temperature and Vegetation Changes in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River After the Three Gorges Dam Operation

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