Abstract: Climate and environment changes not only exert impact on the nature, but also on the society, economy and polity. On the basis of scientific assessment of climate and environment changes in China, the advantages and the disadvantages of the climate and environment changes are discussed in various aspects, such as ecosystem, agriculture, soil degradation, industry, traffic, service, city, and living conditions. In addition, the effect of climatic change on the regional sustainable development has been evaluated, and measures to adapt and mitigate its adverse effects of climate and environment changes have been put forward.

Key words: effect of climate change, advantages and disadvantages, adaptation and mitigation, China