农户生计对气候变化的敏感性研究综述

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2018.129

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

开展农户生计对气候变化的敏感性研究有利于深入认识气候变化与生计的关系,对增强农户的气候变化适应能力和降低生计脆弱性具有重要意义。在梳理不同领域敏感性概念的基础上,阐述了农户生计对气候变化敏感性的科学内涵和研究框架,重点分析了敏感性表征和综合评价指标体系。农户生计对气候变化的敏感性是指气候变化和极端事件对农户生计的影响程度,敏感性表征主要表现在气候变化对自然资源、人类健康、牲畜、资产和收入等方面的影响,不同地区和人群敏感性表征具有差异性。农户生计对气候变化的敏感性随着发展程度提高而下降,生计多样化、基础设施建设等有助于降低气候变化的影响。生计敏感性多为脆弱性研究的一部分,常以可持续生计分析为框架,运用指标评估法进行综合评价。未来研究需要完善敏感性理论框架和研究方法,加强适应的有效性评估,以及开展跨区域或跨时段的生计敏感性对比研究,重点关注生态脆弱和贫困地区。

关键词: 敏感性, 脆弱性, 气候变化, 生计, 发展中国家

Abstract:

Research on the sensitivity of farmers’ livelihoods to climate change contributes to the understanding of the relationship between climate change and livelihoods, and it is of great significance to enhance farmers’ climate change adaptability and reduce livelihood vulnerability. On the basis of combing the concept of sensitivity in different fields, the scientific connotation, the research framework, the characterization, and the indicator system of farmers’ livelihood sensitivity to climate change are analyzed. The sensitivity of farmers’ livelihoods to climate change refers to the extent to which climate change and extreme events affect the livelihood of farmers. Sensitivity characterization is mainly reflected in the impacts of climate change on natural resources, human health, livestock, assets, and income. Different regions and populations have different sensitivities to climate change. The sensitivity of farmers’ livelihoods to climate change usually declines as the degree of development increases. For example, livelihood diversification and good infrastructure can reduce the impacts of climate change. Livelihood sensitivity assessment is mostly part of the vulnerability study, and the sustainable livelihood framework and the indicator method are often used for sensitivity assessment. Future research needs to improve sensitivity theory frameworks and research methods, enhance the study on the effectiveness of adaptation, and make cross-regional or cross-period comparisons of livelihood sensitivities, with a focus on ecologically fragile and poor areas.

Key words: Sensitivity, Vulnerability, Climate change, Livelihood, Developing countries

李彩瑛,阎建忠,花晓波,张镱锂. 农户生计对气候变化的敏感性研究综述[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2019, 15(3): 290-300.

Cai-Ying LI,Jian-Zhong YAN,Xiao-Bo HUA,Yi-Li ZHANG. Review on the sensitivity of farmers’ livelihoods to climate change[J]. Climate Change Research, 2019, 15(3): 290-300.

图/表 5

表1 不同领域敏感性的定义

Table 1 Definition of sensitivity in different fields

图1 全球变化背景下敏感性框架[6]

Fig. 1 Sensitivity framework in the context of global change [6]

图2 农户生计对气候变化的敏感性研究框架

Fig. 2 Research framework of farmers’ sensitivity to climate change

表2 农户生计对气候变化的敏感性表征

Table 2 Sensitivity characterization of farmers’ livelihood to climate change

表3 农户生计对气候变化的敏感性评价指标

Table 3 Sensitivity assessment indicators of farmers’ livelihood to climate change

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