气候变化可能不会引起我国北方冬小麦营养品质下降

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2018.106

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探索未来气候变化对冬小麦营养品质的影响,采用开顶式气室与红外辐射器相结合的方法开展了冬小麦生长季增温和CO₂浓度升高的复合影响试验,在6个小麦生长季模拟了21世纪中后期两种可能的增温和CO₂浓度升高情景。结果表明,在生长季增温与CO₂浓度升高情景下,冬小麦冬后发育期前移,生育期平均气温较对照的增加幅度远小于生长季增温幅度,灌浆期遭遇的高温日数减少,主要生育阶段的平均太阳辐射强度减弱。在增温与CO₂浓度升高复合影响下,冬小麦籽粒蛋白质含量略有增加,籽粒淀粉与脂肪含量未显示规律性的变化趋势,增温对小麦蛋白质含量的综合影响弥补了CO₂浓度升高对籽粒蛋白质含量的负效应。如果不考虑小麦品种变化影响,预计未来气候变化可能不会导致我国北方冬小麦籽粒营养品质下降。

关键词: 气候变暖, CO₂浓度, 冬小麦, 蛋白质含量, 淀粉含量, 复合影响

Abstract:

In order to explore impacts of future climate change on main nutritional ingredient in grains of winter wheat, a six-year manipulation experiment of interactive temperature and CO₂ concentration was conducted using the open top chambers and infrared radiators during entire growth period of winter wheat, two scenarios of temperature increase and CO₂ concentration elevation predicted for the middle and late periods of the 21st century were simulated. The results showed that the protein content in grains of winter wheat slightly increased under combined impact of increased temperature and CO₂ concentration during entire growing season. It is likely that the comprehensive impacts of temperature increase have compensated the negative effect of elevated CO₂concentration on protein content of wheat. Meanwhile, the starch and fat contents in grains of winter wheat were most likely unaffected by the combined effect. It is expected that climate change will probably not cause the decline of main nutritional quality of winter wheat in northern China.

Key words: Climate warming, CO₂ concentration, Winter wheat, Protein content, Starch content, Combined impact

谭凯炎,周广胜,任三学,耿金剑. 气候变化可能不会引起我国北方冬小麦营养品质下降[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2019, 15(3): 282-289.

Kai-Yan TAN,Guang-Sheng ZHOU,San-Xue REN,Jin-Jian GENG. Climate change will probably not cause the decline of winter wheat nutritional quality in northern China[J]. Climate Change Research, 2019, 15(3): 282-289.

图/表 7

表1 冬小麦复合处理与对照气室的日均增温和CO2浓度

Table 1 Increment of daily mean temperatures in the combined treatment (ECTI) chambers compared with those in the control (CK) chambers, and average CO2 concentrations in the chambers during the growing season of winter wheat

表2 冬小麦各试验季播种量和播种日期

Table 2 Sowing date and sowing rate in each experiment season of winter wheat

表3 冬小麦各试验季播种量和播种日期

Table 3 Dates of reviving, flowering and ripening of winter wheat in CK and ECTI chambers

表4 对照与复合处理的冬小麦生育期温光条件对比

Table 4 Comparison of temperature, solar radiation and high temperature days under CK and ECTI during growing period of winter wheat

图1 对照和复合处理下冬小麦籽粒蛋白质含量注：柱上不同小写字母表示差异达到0.01的显著性水平,下同。

Fig. 1 The protein content in grains of winter wheat from CK and ECTI. Each bar represents the mean + standard deviation. Different lowercase letters over the bars represent significant differences (P < 0.01), the same below

图2 对照和复合处理下冬小麦籽粒氨基酸总量（TAA)、必须氨基酸总量（TEAA）和非必须氨基酸总量（TNEAA）

Fig. 2 The contents of total amino acids (TAA), total essential amino acids (TEAA) and total non-essential amino acids (TNEAA) in winter wheat grain from CK and ECTI

图3 对照和复合处理下冬小麦籽粒总淀粉(a)和脂肪(b)含量

Fig. 3 The total starch content (a) and the fat content (b) in grains of winter wheat from CK and ECTI

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