气候变化研究进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (3): 367-372.doi: 10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2020.014

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马德里气候大会盘点及全球气候治理展望

樊星,王际杰,王田,高翔()   

  1. 国家应对气候变化战略研究和国际合作中心,北京 100035
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-15 修回日期:2020-03-03 出版日期:2020-05-30 发布日期:2020-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 高翔 E-mail:gaoxiang@ncsc.org.cn
  • 作者简介:樊星,女,助理研究员, fanxing@ncsc.org.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFA0605301)

Stocktaking on the Madrid Climate Change Conference and perspectives on global climate governance

Xing FAN,Ji-Jie WANG,Tian WANG,Xiang GAO()   

  1. National Center for Climate Change Strategy and International Cooperation, Beijing 100035, China
  • Received:2020-01-15 Revised:2020-03-03 Online:2020-05-30 Published:2020-06-15
  • Contact: Xiang GAO E-mail:gaoxiang@ncsc.org.cn

摘要:

《联合国气候变化框架公约》(简称《公约》)第25次缔约方会议取得了一定进展,但未能就各方最为关注的《巴黎协定》第六条市场机制实施细则达成一致。会议成果平淡主要有4个原因:第一,过度强调提高各方减排目标力度而未能聚焦《巴黎协定》第六条相关谈判;第二,主席国和部分缔约方急切将各方尚未形成政治共识的提高承诺力度问题引入谈判进程,破坏了谈判氛围;第三,各个议题推进不平衡;第四,发达国家企图逃避责任,促使发展中国家更加团结并形成对立。展望2020年的全球气候多边进程形势,《巴黎协定》第六条相关谈判将继续作为重点,提高力度也将成为讨论主题,但片面强调1.5℃目标可能引发重谈《巴黎协定》风险,同时发达国家背弃《公约》、转嫁责任意图明显。全球气候治理应聚焦落实承诺的力度,并平行推进《公约》及其《巴黎协定》的实施。

关键词: 气候变化, 联合国, 气候谈判, 全球气候治理, 巴黎协定

Abstract:

The 25th session of the Conference of the Parties under United Nations Framework on Climate Change Convention has made some progress in part of the key items. However, it failed to reach agreement on the implementation rules of the market mechanism in Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, which is the most concerned issue in COP25 by all Parties. There are four main reasons for the insipid results of COP25. Firstly, it was overemphasized on calling for mitigation ambition enhancement from all Parties, but it failed to focus on the negotiations related to Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. Secondly, the COP president and some Parties were too eager to bring the ambition enhancement issue into the negotiation process, which has not been seen as a political consensus. It destroyed the negotiation atmosphere. Thirdly, various negotiation issues are managed in an unbalanced manner. Fourthly, the developed countries intended to evade their responsibilities under the Convention, which promoted greater solidarity of developing countries and pushed them to the opposite. Regarding the prospective future of global climate multilateral process, the negotiation on Article 6 of the Paris Agreement will continuously to be the crucial mission. The ambition enhancement will also be a key topic of discussion. However, overemphasizing the target of 1.5℃ may lead to the risk of renegotiation on the Paris Agreement. Meanwhile, the intention of developed countries to evade and transfer their responsibilities under the Convention is becoming more obvious. The global climate governance should focus on the ambition of commitment implementation, and in the meantime, advance the implementation of the Convention and its Paris Agreement.

Key words: Climate change, United Nations, Climate negotiation, Global climate governance, Paris Agreement

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