对基于土地应对气候变化的新认知

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2019.234

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2019年8月7日IPCC《气候变化与土地特别报告》决策者摘要获得通过,报告涉及对基于土地应对气候变化不同措施的评估,取得一些新的认知,包括定量评估基于土地的40种综合措施对提高气候变化减缓和适应能力、防治荒漠化和土地退化、增强粮食安全、保护生物多样性和水资源及促进可持续发展的效益,提出在防治荒漠化和土地退化及保障粮食安全过程中提高气候变化适应和减缓能力的措施,评估了实施不同措施的风险、限制、障碍和保障政策等。在措施的分类、气候变化适应的主体对象,以及风险和政策分析等方面还存在一些不足。评估报告结论将对我国建立基于土地的应对气候变化的对策,促进把应对气候变化与防治荒漠化和土地退化、保护生态环境与增强粮食安全工作结合,制定相关政策等方面都具有重要的启示意义。

关键词: 气候变化, 土地退化, 荒漠化, 粮食安全, 减缓, 适应, 生物多样性, 可持续发展

Abstract:

Summary for policymakers (SPM) for the IPCC special report on climate change and land (SRCCL) was approved on August 7, 2019. The report involved an assessment of different options for land-based climate change response and gained some new insights. These include quantitative assessment of the benefits of 40 comprehensive land-based measures for climate change mitigation and adaptation, combating desertification and land degradation, enhancing food security, conserving biodiversity and water resources, and sustainable development, linking addressing desertification, land degradation, and food security with climate change adaptation and mitigation measures, as well as assessment of risks, limitation, barriers and safeguard policies for implementing different measures. There are still some shortcomings in the classification of measures, the subject of climate change adaptation, the risk and policy analysis. These conclusions of this report will have important implications for China’s establishment of land-based responses to climate change, and the promotion of combating climate change and combating desertification and land degradation, protecting the ecological environment and enhancing food security, and formulating relevant policies.

Key words: Climate change, Land degradation, Desertification, Food security, Mitigation, Adaptation, Biodiversity, Sustainable development

吴建国,翟盘茂,武亚堂. 对基于土地应对气候变化的新认知[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2020, 16(1): 50-69.

Jian-Guo WU,Pan-Mao ZHAI,Ya-Tang WU. New understanding on the land-based response options to climate change[J]. Climate Change Research, 2020, 16(1): 50-69.

图/表 4

表1 基于土地的40种综合措施及其与总体应对框架的关系[2]

Table 1 Forty comprehensive measures based on land and their relationship with the overall response framework [2]

表2 定义每个综合措施选择的影响强度的标准[2]

Table 2 Defines the criteria for the intensity of impact of each comprehensive measure[2]

表3 不同应对措施对减缓和适应气候变化、防治荒漠化和土地退化、加强粮食安全的潜在的全球影响[2]

Table 3 Potential global impacts of different response measures on mitigation and adaptation to climate change, combating desertification and land degradation, and enhancing food security[2]

表4 不同实施背景下依赖额外土地利用变化并对三种或更多土地挑战有影响的措施

Table 4 Measures that rely on additional land-use change and have an impact on three or more land challenges in different implementation contexts

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