中国农业适应气候变化能力建设进展回顾与展望

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2025.073

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农业生产面临的气候风险日益加大，亟需加强适应能力建设促进农业适应行动的广泛开展。文中通过文献综述回顾中国农业适应气候变化研究在科学认知上取得的进展以及对适应行动的支撑，按照农业气候资源高效利用、农业防灾减灾、生态治理和气候风险管理的逻辑层次总结农业适应气候变化能力建设上的进展和存在的不足，提出未来开展农业气候风险系统评估、甄别适应优先事项、构建农业适应气候变化技术体系、制定农业适应气候变化规划和提升适应气候变化公众意识等建议。

关键词: 适应, 气候变化, 能力建设, 农业

Abstract:

As agricultural production faces an increasing risk of climate change, there is an urgent need to strengthen adaptive capacity building in order to promote extensive agricultural adaptation actions. This paper synthesizes the progress of scientific understanding on agricultural adaptation to climate change and the scientific support on adaptation actions with literature review, and then summarizes the progress and shortcomings in the capacity building for agricultural adaptation to climate change according to the logical layers of efficient utilization of agro-climatic resources, agricultural disaster prevention and alleviation, ecological governance and climate risk management. Presently, the description on adaptive capacity building in the published literatures, reports, and policy documents is too general. This paper presents an effort on in-depth investigation how to increase agricultural adaptive capacity. The capacity building for efficient utilization of agro-climatic resources, agro-meteorological disaster reduction, ecological governance, and agricultural management is clarified as utilizing thermal climatic resources and water resources; lowering the climatic hazards, diminishing exposure, decreasing vulnerability of climate change-affected agricultural systems; increasing the agricultural ecosystem services of food production and supply, regulation, supporting, and cultural function; enhancing the research and development of agricultural adaptation technologies, innovating the financing mechanism, and improving policies and legislation, respectively. Finally, it proposes a series of recommendations for the enhancement of future agricultural adaptive capacity building, including the systematic evaluation of agricultural climate risk, identification of adaptation priorities, construction of agricultural adaptation technology system, formulation of agricultural adaptation plan, and raising public awareness regarding adaptation to climate change.

Key words: Adaptation, Climate change, Capacity building, Agriculture

张馨月, 李阔, 赵明月, 许吟隆. 中国农业适应气候变化能力建设进展回顾与展望[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2025, 21(5): 613-624.

ZHANG Xin-Yue, LI Kuo, ZHAO Ming-Yue, XU Yin-Long. Review and prospect of agricultural adaptive capacity building to climate change in China[J]. Climate Change Research, 2025, 21(5): 613-624.

图/表 6

图1 农业适应能力主题文献发表情况概览注：在知网/Web of Science上分别以“气候变化/climate change”“适应/adaptation”和“农业/agriculture”为主题进行文献检索。检索时间限定为2024年12月以前发表的文献。其中，Web of Science限定研究区域为中国，在知网上共检索到相关文章6425篇，时间跨度为1982—2024年；在Web of Science上检索到英文论文2635篇，时间跨度为1995—2024年。

Fig. 1 Overview of literature published on the topic of adaptive capacity in agriculture

表1 国际和国内农业适应能力文献关键词共现分析

Table 1 Co-occurrence analyses of literature published on the topic of adaptive capacity in agriculture across the globe and China

表2 提高气候资源利用效率的主要适应措施

Table 2 Main adaptive measures to improve climatic resource utilization

表3 提高防灾减灾能力的主要适应措施

Table 3 Main adaptive measures to enhance the capability of disaster prevention and reduction

表4 提高农业生态治理能力的主要适应措施

Table 4 Main adaptive measures to improve capability of agricultural ecological governance

表5 提升农业气候风险管理能力的主要事项

Table 5 Main issues to strength capabilities of agricultural climate risk management

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