Abstract: This paper overviews the studies on soil organic carbon (SOC) stock and dynamics of China's soils since the fulfillment of the second national soil survey, and focuses on the significance of climate change mitigation in China. The status of SOC stock and the dynamics of China are characterized of a relatively low C storage with a large regional variability, a definite overall trend of C enhancement, and a significant sequestration potential in the future, which can be realized through a sound climate policy and the adoption of the best management practices in agriculture. Increasing investment in C sequestration research and technology development, improving policies and incentives for enhancing C sequestration, and the innovation and extension of climate-friendly agricultural systems should be pursued for a win-win effect in enhancing both the productivity of China's agriculture and climate change mitigation.

Key words: China, soil organic carbon stock, climate change, carbon sequestration, croplands