全球气候治理涉林议题谈判进展与启示

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2025.065

气候变化研究进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (5): 709-721.doi: 10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2025.065

全球气候治理涉林议题谈判进展与启示

刘雅静¹(), 张旭峰²(), 吴水荣¹, 于雷³, 陈玉洁¹

¹ 中国林业科学研究院林业科技信息研究所，北京 100091
² 北京工业大学经济与管理学院，北京 100124
³ 中国林业科学研究院，北京 100091

收稿日期:2025-03-19 修回日期:2025-05-14 出版日期:2025-09-30 发布日期:2025-06-25
通讯作者: 张旭峰，男，讲师，xufengzhang@bjut.edu.cn
作者简介:刘雅静，女，硕士研究生，yajingliu2000@163.com
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目“林草碳汇计量及相关政策与机制研究”(CAFYBB2024ZA030);中国博士后科学基金面上项目“森林生态系统‘增汇’及其剩余物能源化利用‘减排’的协同机制研究”(2023M730151);国家林草局委托项目“2024国际气候治理涉林草领域进程跟踪及合作交流”(500102-1315)

Negotiation progress and inspirations on forest related issues in global climate governance

LIU Ya-Jing¹(), ZHANG Xu-Feng²(), WU Shui-Rong¹, YU Lei³, CHEN Yu-Jie¹

¹ Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
² School of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
³ Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China

Received:2025-03-19 Revised:2025-05-14 Online:2025-09-30 Published:2025-06-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球气候变暖背景下，林业在应对气候变化中具有重要地位和作用，成为了国际气候谈判中的重要议题。文中在梳理全球气候治理进程的基础上，重点对涉林谈判的主要议题：土地利用、土地利用变化和林业（LULUCF)、清洁发展机制（CDM）林业碳汇项目、减少发展中国家毁林和森林退化造成的碳排放以及森林可持续管理及保护和增加森林碳储量（REDD+）的进展进行分析。LULUCF规则持续完善，当前通过国家自主贡献（NDC）纳入国家减排体系；CDM林业碳汇项目发展曲折，但为全球碳市场协同提供了重要实践参考；REDD+推动发展中国家森林保护，在实施、资金和治理模式等方面进展显著。研究发现尽管涉林谈判取得一定成效，但仍面临资金机制，碳汇监测、报告与核查（MRV)，市场波动，自然灾害风险，森林社区权益保障及跨部门合作方面的挑战。研究认为，未来气候变化背景下的全球森林治理应重点推进以下方向：完善森林融资机制，推进气候智慧林业建设、增强碳汇价值实现的市场化运作，强化森林社区权益保障及自然风险抵御机制、深化跨部门合作以遏制毁林，推进基于自然的解决方案（NbS）以发挥森林多重效益，以期为我国林业参与全球气候治理提供参考。

关键词: 全球气候治理, 林业议题, LULUCF, REDD+, CDM林业碳汇项目

Abstract:

Under global warming, forestry has emerged as a critical component in climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies, and has become an important topic in international climate negotiations. The paper reviews the progress of global climate governance and its impact on forestry, with a focus on analyzing the progress of the main forestry-related negotiation topics: LULUCF (Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry), CDM (Clean Development Mechanism) forestry carbon sink project, and REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation, plus the sustainable management of forests, and the conservation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks). The LULUCF rules continue to be improved and are currently integrated into national emission reduction systems through NDC (Nationally Determined Contribution); The development of CDM forestry carbon projects has been challenging, yet it has provided valuable practical insights for advancing global carbon market integration; REDD+ promotes forest conservation in developing countries, with significant progress made in implementation, funding, and governance models. Although forestry-related negotiations have achieved remarkable results, they still face challenges such as financing mechanism, carbon sink Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (MRV), market fluctuations, natural disaster risks, forest community rights protection, and cross-sectoral collaboration. In future global forest governance under the context of climate change, the emphasis should be placed on improving forest financing mechanisms, advancing climate-smart forestry practices, enhancing market-oriented mechanisms for carbon sink value realization, strengthening community rights protection and natural risk resilience mechanisms for forests, deepening cross-sectoral collaboration to curb deforestation, and promoting Nature-based Solutions (NbS) to maximize the multifunctional benefits of forests. These efforts aim to provide references for China’s forestry sector to participate in global climate governance.

Key words: Global climate governance, Forest issues, LULUCF, REDD+, CDM forestry carbon sink project

刘雅静, 张旭峰, 吴水荣, 于雷, 陈玉洁. 全球气候治理涉林议题谈判进展与启示[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2025, 21(5): 709-721.

LIU Ya-Jing, ZHANG Xu-Feng, WU Shui-Rong, YU Lei, CHEN Yu-Jie. Negotiation progress and inspirations on forest related issues in global climate governance[J]. Climate Change Research, 2025, 21(5): 709-721.

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全球气候治理涉林议题谈判进展与启示

Negotiation progress and inspirations on forest related issues in global climate governance

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