Compound effects of earthquakes and extreme weathers on geo-hazards in mountains

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2019.174

Abstract

Abstract:

Studying interplays among different geo-hazard triggers is crucial for mitigating integrated hazard risks and sustaining sustainability in mountain communities. Extreme precipitation and strong seismicity in mountain environment are major triggers for initiation of geo-hazards, such as landslides. Traditional studies on geo-hazards have been extensively carried out by treating them with single triggers, yet compound effects of earthquakes and extreme weathers on geo-hazards initiations have largely been ignored. Regional-scale geo-hazard cases that were jointly caused by earthquake and extreme weather have been reviewed to analyze the interplay between both triggers in initiating geo-hazards. Three major points can be drawn from existing literatures: 1) strong mountain earthquakes can alter mountain environments, which could significantly increase the likelihood of geo-hazards' initiations and magnify its magnitude; 2) this magnifying effect decays with time and may be controlled by climate; 3) extreme weathers have been increasing under climate change and its coalition with strong earthquakes in tectonic mountains will lead to more complicated problems. Due to a lack of observations, joint triggering mechanism of extreme weathers and earthquakes on geo-hazard initiation remains elusive.

Key words: Extreme weathers, Mountain earthquakes, Hazards coalition, Geo-hazards' chain, Climate change

SHI Pei-Jun, YANG Wen-Tao. Compound effects of earthquakes and extreme weathers on geo-hazards in mountains[J]. Climate Change Research, 2020, 16(4): 405-414.

Figures/Tables 6

Fig. 1 The post-seismic newly built buildings in Jianquan village, Pingwu, were destroyed by a debris flow in August 2013, pre-seismic 1 m resolution IKONOS image (a), 0.5 m WorldView-01 image in 2012 (b) (4 years after the earthquake),1 m IKONOS image after the debris flow (c)

Fig. 2 Impact of extreme weather and climate on earthquake-landslide hazard chain (a) when intense precipitation and earthquake occur concurrently, (b) major earthquakes could significantly alter environment, making lots of slopes unstable during precipitation

Fig. 3 Daily precipitation record at the Maiji meteorology station, Tianshui from 1 May 2013 to 30 September 2013

Table 1 Top ten daily precipitation from July 1964 to October 2019 at Maiji meteorology station

Fig. 4 Satellite images before and after the outburst of the glacial debris flow in October 2018 at Yalong Zangbo River (a) intensity map of the Milin earthquake on 18th November 2017 (data source: USGS), (b) false color Landsat 8 OSL image on 4 February 2017 before the earthquake, (c) post-seismic image on 22 January 2018, (d) debris dammed lake on 12 November 2018

Fig. 5 Statistics of September temperature and precipitation from 1989 to 2018 in Nyingchi meteorology station

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