中国公众对气候变化和气象灾害认知的社会性别差异

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2017.085

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对2015年全国公众气象服务评价调查结果的分析显示,我国公众中男性对气候变化认识程度以及对气象灾害预警的认知水平和满意度都比女性高。城镇女性选择环保产品、环保出行及愿意对生活或工作方式做出改变来应对气候变化的比例高于城镇男性,而农村男性选择调整或改变种植或养殖方式、改变种植或养殖品种及转换谋生方式的比例高于女性。男性选择购买相关气象或气候保险、参加培训或辅导的比例比女性高,而女性选择学习气象灾害和气候变化相关的专业知识比例高于男性。女性对气象服务信息的需求比例比男性高。建议：1)积极推进气候变化及其灾害认知的社会性别研究,建立灾害认知性别数据库,将社会性别融入到气象灾害风险管理的整个过程;2)在气象服务中引入社会性别视角,加强针对女性的宣传和指导,开发适合女性的服务产品和信息传播渠道,提升她们应对灾害的意识和能力。

关键词: 社会性别, 气候变化, 气象灾害, 公众认知

Abstract:

The national meteorological service survey in China in 2015 showed that the perception level of climate change and satisfaction degree of meteorological disaster warning of Chinese men are higher than those of Chinese women. To cope with climate change, the ratio of urban women to choose environmentally friendly products, green travel and willing to change ways of living or working is higher than that of urban men, but the ratio of urban men to choose adjusting planting or breeding methods, planting or breeding new varieties and transforming the way of living is higher than those of women. The percentage of men to choose buying meteorological insurance and taking part in climate related training is higher than that of women, while more women are willing to learn professional knowledge of meteorological disasters and climate change. The scale of female to obtain meteorological service information is higher than that of male. To enhance Chinese women’s awareness and ability of coping with meteorological disasters and climate change, it is necessary to develop meteorological service products for women, and to broaden the channels for the dissemination of meteorological knowledge for women.

Key words: Gender, Climate change, Meteorological disaster, Public perceptions

艾婉秀,王长科,吕明辉,赵琳. 中国公众对气候变化和气象灾害认知的社会性别差异[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2018, 14(3): 318-324.

Wan-Xiu AI,Chang-Ke WANG,Ming-Hui LYU,Lin ZHAO. Gender differences in perceptions of climate change and meteorological disasters in China[J]. Climate Change Research, 2018, 14(3): 318-324.

图/表 8

表1 调查对象基本情况

Table 1 Basic information of the survey

图1 公众认为全球气候变暖是由温室气体增多引起的比例

Fig. 1 Thinking that global warming is caused by an increase in greenhouse gases

图2 公众对于极端天气气候事件与全球气候变化之间关系的知晓率

Fig. 2 Awareness about the relationship between extreme weather events and global climate change

图3 城镇居民应对气候变化方式的性别差异

Fig. 3 Gender differences of urban residents in coping withclimate change

图4 农村居民应对气候变化方式的性别差异

Fig. 4 Gender differences of rural residents in coping withclimate change

图5 我国城(a)乡(b)居民在气象灾害应对策略选择上的社会性别差异

Fig. 5 Gender differences of urban (a) and rural residents (b) in meteorological disaster response strategy

图6 我国公众对气象灾害预警的认知和满意率

Fig. 6 Public perception of and satisfaction with meteorological disaster early warning in China

表2 对气象灾害和气象知识认知的正确率

Table 2 Accuracy of perception about meteorological disaster and meteorological knowledge

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