青岛地区气候变化对动物物候变化的影响研究

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2018.083

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于青岛地区气候和动物物候观测资料,分析了气候和动物物候变化特征及两者之间的相关关系。1986—2016年青岛地区蚱蝉始鸣期表现为小幅波动变化,蟋蟀的始鸣期则呈先显著推迟后显著提前的变化趋势,青蛙和家燕的始鸣期均有显著推迟的趋势。以上4种动物的绝鸣期均显著提前,间隔期均明显缩短。受全球气候变暖的影响,青岛地区气温表现为显著增温趋势,日照时数和平均风速均呈显著减小趋势,而降水对气候变暖的响应较小。日照时数的减少对4种动物物候期的影响最大,有利于4种动物绝鸣期的提前和间隔期的缩短以及家燕始鸣期的推迟;蟋蟀和青蛙的物候期对气温有明显的响应,蚱蝉和家燕对气温的变化不敏感;风速的减小有利于蚱蝉、家燕绝鸣期的提前和间隔期的缩短,但却导致青蛙绝鸣期的推迟和间隔期的延长。多种气候因子共同作用决定了动物物候期的变化。除气候条件对动物物候期变化的影响之外,动物之间食物链的制约关系在一定程度上也对物候变化有影响。

关键词: 气候变化, 物候变化, 始鸣期, 绝鸣期, 间隔期

Abstract:

Based on the meteorological and animal phonological observations in Qingdao, the characteristics of climate and phonological changes and their relations were investigated. From 1986 to 2016, the first song days of animals in Qingdao respectively exhibit smoothly fluctuations for Cryptotympana atratas, first delaying and then advancing trend for crickets, and distinct delaying trend for Hirundo rusticas and frogs. All their last song days display a significant advancing trend, and their first-last song intervals have a remarkable shortening trend. Under the influence of global warming, the temperature rises significantly, the precipitation changes a little, but the annual sunshine durations and wind speed both present a trend of dramatic decrease during 1961-2016 in Qingdao. The decrease for sunshine durations affects phenophase the most for the four animals, which is beneficial to advancing the last song days and shortening the first-last song intervals for all, and delaying the first song days for Hirundo rusticas. The phenophase for crickets and frogs responds notably to the temperature rising, but not for Cryptotympana atratas and Hirundo rusticas. The decreasing wind speed helps advancing the last song days and shortening the first-last song intervals for Cryptotympana atratas and Hirundo rusticas, but is conducive to delaying the last song days and extending the first-last song intervals for frogs. Hence, the phenophase variation occurs in conjunction with several climate factors. Except for the influence from climate change, the inter-restriction of food chain among animals also plays a role in causing the phenophase variation.

Key words: Climate change, Phenophase variation, First song, Last song, First-last song intervals

郭飞燕,綦东菊,周斌,薛允传. 青岛地区气候变化对动物物候变化的影响研究[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2019, 15(1): 62-73.

Fei-Yan GUO,Dong-Ju QI,Bin ZHOU,Yun-Chuan XUE. Influence of climate change on the variation of animal phenophase in Qingdao area[J]. Climate Change Research, 2019, 15(1): 62-73.

图/表 10

图1 青岛胶州市1961—2016年逐月平均气温(a)、降水量(b)、风速(c)、日照时数(d)

Fig. 1 The monthly mean temperature (a), precipitation (b), wind speed (c), and sunshine duration (d) in Jiaozhou during 1961-2016

表1 1961—2016年青岛胶州市各气候因子变化的线性倾向率

Table 1 Linear tendency rates of climate factors in Jiaozhou during 1961-2016

图2 青岛1986—2016年蚱蝉(a)、蟋蟀(b)、青蛙(c)、家燕(d)的始鸣期、绝鸣期、间隔期特征

Fig. 2 The characteristics of the first, last and interval song days of the Cryptotympana atrata (a), cricket (b), frog (c) and Hirundo rustica (d) in Qingdao during 1986-2016

图3 蚱蝉和蟋蟀始鸣期、绝鸣期、间隔期逐年变化特征和线性趋势

Fig. 3 The variation and tendencies of the first, last and interval song days of the Cryptotympana atrata and cricket

图4 青蛙始鸣、绝鸣期、间隔期逐年变化特征和线性趋势

Fig. 4 The variation and tendencies of the first, last and interval song days of the frog

图5 家燕始鸣期、绝鸣期、间隔期逐年变化特征和线性趋势

Fig. 5 The variation and tendencies of the first, last and interval song days of the Hirundo rustica

表2 主要气候因子与蚱蝉物候期的相关系数

Table 2 Correlation coefficients between meteorological factors and phenological phases of the Cryptotympana atrata

表3 主要气候因子与蟋蟀物候期的相关系数

Table 3 Correlation coefficients between meteorological factors and phenological phases of the cricket

表4 主要气候因子与青蛙物候期的相关系数

Table 4 Correlation coefficients between meteorological factors and phenological phases of the frog

表5 主要气候因子与家燕物候期的相关系数

Table 5 Correlation coefficients between meteorological factors and phenological phases of the Hirundo rustica

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