针对冰盖的定向地球工程研究

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2020.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对冰盖的定向地球工程研究旨在增强冰盖稳定性和减缓冰盖物质流失,从源头上减少冰盖对海平面上升的贡献,有望为应对气候变化和保护海岸线争取几百年的时间。冰盖地球工程主要作用在冰底和冰架-海洋界面上,主要途径如下：(1)排干或冻结冰盖底部水来干燥冰床,增强冰盖底部摩擦力;(2)在海洋中建造人造岛来支撑漂浮的冰架;(3)在冰架前端建造水下隔离墙,阻止温暖的海水到达冰川底部以减缓其融化。冰盖地球工程包括数值模拟、方案设计、工程试验和政治法律等诸多方面的研究。国际上的研究团队正在开展数值模拟和方案设计方面的研究,工程试验和政治法律等方面的研究尚未起步。预计工程试验的难度阶梯很可能是从实验室试验开始,到小尺度的野外试验,接着到格陵兰冰盖的入海冰川,最后到南极冰盖的入海冰川。针对冰盖的定向地球工程研究很有可能成为21世纪全球变化领域新兴的研究方向。

关键词: 海平面上升, 冰盖, 地球工程

Abstract:

In recent years, scientists have proposed targeted geoengineering for ice sheets to enhance their stability and slow their mass loss, reducing their contribution to sea level rise at source. It promises to buy hundreds of years to combat climate change and protect coastlines. Ice sheet geoengineering works mainly on ice bottom and ice shelf-ocean interface. The main approaches include: 1) draining or freezing the water from the bottom of the glacier to dry the ice bed and enhance the friction of the glacier bottom; 2) making artificial islands in the sea to support floating ice shelves; 3) building an underwater barrier in front of the ice shelf to keep warm water from reaching the ice bottom to slow its melting. Ice sheet geoengineering includes numerical simulation, scheme design, engineering test, and political and legal research. International research teams have been carrying on numerical simulation and scheme design research. The research of engineering experiment and politics and law has not started yet. This paper predicts that the difficulty ladder of engineering test may be from laboratory test to small scale field test, then to outlet glaciers of Greenland ice sheet, and finally to outlet glaciers of Antarctic ice sheet. Targeted geoengineering for ice sheets is likely to become a new field of global change research in 21st century.

Key words: Sea level rise, Ice sheet, Geoengineering

赵励耘, John C. MOORE, Mike WOLOVICK. 针对冰盖的定向地球工程研究[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2020, 16(5): 564-569.

ZHAO Li-Yun, John C. MOORE, Mike WOLOVICK. Targeted geoengineering for ice sheets[J]. Climate Change Research, 2020, 16(5): 564-569.

图/表 1

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