气象服务保障碳市场建设需求、现状与对策

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2024.310

气候变化研究进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (4): 555-564.doi: 10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2024.310

气象服务保障碳市场建设需求、现状与对策

朱永昶¹(), 陈超², 黄磊³, 王斌⁴(), 张佳莹¹, 钱拴⁵, 李贵才⁶, 张小锋¹, 秦勇¹

1 中国气象局气象发展与规划院/中国气象局气候资源经济转化重点开放实验室，北京 100081
2 中国气象局科技与气候变化司，北京 100081
3 中国气象局国家气候中心，北京 100081
4 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业农村部农业环境重点实验室，北京 100081
5 中国气象局国家气象中心，北京 100081
6 中国气象局国家卫星气象中心，北京 100081

收稿日期:2024-12-20 修回日期:2025-02-21 出版日期:2025-07-30 发布日期:2025-04-27
通讯作者: 王斌，男，研究员，wangbin01@caas.cn
作者简介:朱永昶，男，高级工程师，zhuyongchangcma@126.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0209200);国家自然科学基金项目(42475204);中国气象局气象软科学项目(2024MSXM19);中国气象局青年创新团队人才支撑计划(CMA2023QN18)

Current situation, challenges and countermeasures of meteorological service for carbon market construction

ZHU Yong-Chang¹(), CHEN Chao², HAUNG Lei³, WANG Bin⁴(), ZHANG Jia-Ying¹, QIAN Shuan⁵, LI Gui-Cai⁶, ZHANG Xiao-Feng¹, QIN Yong¹

1 China Meteorological Administration (CMA) Institute for Development and Programme Design/CMA Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to Economy, Beijing 100081, China
2 Department of Science & Technology and Climate Change, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
3 National Climate Centre, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
4 Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China
5 National Meteorological Centre, CMA, Beijing 100081, China
6 National Satellite Meteorological Centre, CMA, Beijing 100081, China

Received:2024-12-20 Revised:2025-02-21 Online:2025-07-30 Published:2025-04-27

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳排放权交易市场是实现全球气候治理和推进“双碳”目标实现的核心政策工具。碳市场运行涉及的能源、建筑、林业、农业等不同行业碳交易活动需要气象服务支撑。我国碳市场建设已取得初步成效，但仍存在交易主体与交易产品单一、市场活力不足、市场功能发挥不充分等问题，碳市场建设从供给和需求两侧均迫切需要完善气象服务保障。文中在阐述国内外碳市场发展趋势的基础上，详细分析了碳市场建设对气象服务保障的需求以及气象服务保障碳市场建设的现状和存在问题，从完善体制机制、拓展服务范围、推进碳金融服务、开展国际合作及强化人才培养等多个层面提出进一步提高我国碳市场建设气象服务保障能力的对策建议，以期为气象行业拓展“气象×金融”应用场景，高质量服务保障碳市场建设提供参考。

关键词: 碳市场, “双碳”目标, 气象服务

Abstract:

Carbon trading market is the key policy tool to promote global climate governance and accelerate the progress of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. The carbon trading activities in different sectors, such as energy, construction, forestry and agriculture, need the support of meteorological services. The construction of China’s carbon market has achieved preliminary success, but problems exist, e.g., simple trading subject and product, insufficient market vitality, and inadequate market functions. The construction of carbon market urgently needs to improve meteorological service guarantee from both supply and demand sides. On the basis of development trend of global carbon market, this paper analyzes the demand, current situation and existing problems of carbon market construction for meteorological service guarantee. Countermeasures and suggestions are proposed for further improving the meteorological service support capacity from multiple aspects, i.e., stepping up institutional building, expanding service scope, promoting carbon financial service, broadening international cooperation and strengthening personnel training. This study can provide references for high-quality service guarantee of carbon market construction, contributing to expand the application scenario of “meteorology×finance” for meteorological departments.

Key words: Carbon market, Carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals, Meteorological service

朱永昶, 陈超, 黄磊, 王斌, 张佳莹, 钱拴, 李贵才, 张小锋, 秦勇. 气象服务保障碳市场建设需求、现状与对策[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2025, 21(4): 555-564.

ZHU Yong-Chang, CHEN Chao, HAUNG Lei, WANG Bin, ZHANG Jia-Ying, QIAN Shuan, LI Gui-Cai, ZHANG Xiao-Feng, QIN Yong. Current situation, challenges and countermeasures of meteorological service for carbon market construction[J]. Climate Change Research, 2025, 21(4): 555-564.

图/表 4

图1 碳市场减排作用机制注：此机制框图绘制过程中参考了相关文献[3-4]。

Fig. 1 Carbon market mechanisms to reduce emissions

图2 我国碳市场发展过程

Fig. 2 Development process of China’s carbon market

图3 碳市场对气象服务保障需求

Fig. 3 Demand for meteorological services for the construction of carbon market

图4 气象服务保障碳市场建设现状及差距

Fig. 4 Current situation and deficiency of meteorological service to guarantee carbon market construction

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气象服务保障碳市场建设需求、现状与对策

Current situation, challenges and countermeasures of meteorological service for carbon market construction

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