Analysis on the evolution of atmospheric boundary layer in Yunnan province and its effect on the change of PM2.5 concentration

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2022.191

Abstract

Abstract:

The Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) is the site of a spatial area of human activity, and the associated environmental problems occurring within the Atmospheric Boundary Layer are closely related to human health and survival. PM2.5 has an important impact on the regional environment and human health. There is a close relationship between the height of the atmospheric boundary layer (Planetary boundary layer height, PBLH) and PM2.5. The analysis of the height of the atmospheric boundary layer and its relationship with PM2.5 has a more comprehensive understanding of PBLH changes in Yunnan province, and has important significance for local air pollution prevention and control. Based on ERA5 PBLH dataset, PM2.5 observation data, temperature, relative humidity and other meteorological observation data, statistic methods were used to systematically analyze the change characteristics and trend of PBLH in Yunnan province from 1980 to 2020, and the correlation between PM2.5 concentration change and PBLH. The results show that affected by the change of direct solar radiation in a day, the PBLH in Yunnan changes steadily at night and fluctuates strongly during the day. The interdecadal variation of the temperature difference between the ground and the atmosphere is in good agreement with the PBLH. From the 2000s to the 2010s, the PBLH in Yunnan showed a steady upward trend. The annual distribution of rainfall, the particularity of geographical location and the difference of weather system make smaller annual PBLH difference in high altitude areas of Yunnan, and the PBLH in dry season is still significantly lower than that in medium and low altitude areas. The PBLH maximum value centers in Yunnan in the four seasons are mostly located from Kunming to Chuxiong, and the percentage change shows an increasing trend. The overall increasing trend is the most obvious in spring, and the spatial distribution difference of the percentage change is the strongest in winter. The low temperature, high humidity and weak wind in the near surface layer cause the rapid decrease of PBLH from 18:00 to 01:00 in the four seasons, causing PM2.5 to accumulate in the near surface layer, and the influence of PBLH on the PM2.5 concentration increases accordingly. The correlation between PBLH and PM2.5 vary with seasons and times. At 02:00 and 08:00, the correlation between PBLH and PM2.5 is basically negative, and the degree of correlation is higher than that at 14:00 and 20:00; Kunming and Qujing, which have more human activities, has a higher negative correlation in summer, autumn and winter.

Key words: Planetary boundary layer height (PBLH), PM2.5, Change characteristics, Correlation, Yunnan province

ZHAO Ping-Wei, DUAN Shao-Ling, SHI Jian-Wu, LUO Cheng-Xian, ZHANG Jing, ZHONG Min-Han, LI Si-Lan, CHEN Jing. Analysis on the evolution of atmospheric boundary layer in Yunnan province and its effect on the change of PM2.5 concentration[J]. Climate Change Research, 2023, 19(3): 278-292.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1 Schematic map of the study area

Fig. 2 Comparison of ERA5 planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) and PBLH calculated from 5 sounding stations at different times from 2015 to 2020

Fig. 3 Diurnal spatial distribution of PBLH in Yunnan province in 1980-2020

Fig. 4 Seasons of Yunnan PBLH (a), daily changes of years (b) and distribution of changes in ground temperature difference in four seasons (c)

Fig. 5 The time-latitude cross-section of Yunnan PBLH at different times during 1980-2020

Fig. 6 Spatial distribution of PBLH (a-d) and its changing trend (f-h) in Yunnan during 1980-2020 in all seasons

Fig. 7 Spatial distribution of annual average PM2.5 concentration and PBLH in all seasons in Yunnan from 2015 to 2020

Fig. 8 Combined dependence diagram of PM2.5 concentration of air temperature (a0-d0), relative humidity (a1-d1), 10 m maximum wind speed (a2-d2) and PBLH in Yunnan’s four seasons from 2015 to 2020

Fig. 9 Spatial distribution of Pearson correlation coefficient between PM2.5 and PBLH for different times in the four seasons of Yunnan from 2015 to 2020

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