联合国全民早期预警行动计划进展

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2023.069

气候变化研究进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (4): 530-540.doi: 10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2023.069

• 简讯 • 上一篇

联合国全民早期预警行动计划进展

刘颖杰¹^,²^,³^,⁵(), 周馥荔¹^,²^,³, 曹之玉¹^,²^,³^,⁵(), 许小峰⁴, 张文建⁶

1 中国气象局公共气象服务中心，北京 100081
2 国家预警信息发布中心，北京 100081
3 中国气象局公共气象服务中心应急预警开放实验室，北京 100081
4 中国气象服务协会，北京 100081
5 中国气象服务协会应急预警委员会，北京 100081
6 世界气象组织秘书处，日内瓦 2300，瑞典

收稿日期:2023-04-06 修回日期:2023-05-16 出版日期:2023-07-30 发布日期:2023-06-12
通讯作者: 曹之玉，男，正研级高工，caozy@12379.cn
作者简介:刘颖杰，男，高级工程师，liuyingjie@cma.gov.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划（2018YFC0807004）国家公共安全应急平台——公共安全风险防控与应急技术装备;公益性行业专项（GYHY201506015）台风暴雨灾害损失及服务效益关键技术与系统研发;中国气象局青年创新团队计划（CMA2023QN02）预警信息精准靶向发布

A review of United Nations Early Warnings for All Executive Action Plan

LIU Ying-Jie¹^,²^,³^,⁵(), ZHOU Fu-Li¹^,²^,³, CAO Zhi-Yu¹^,²^,³^,⁵(), XU Xiao-Feng⁴, ZHANG Wen-Jian⁶

1 China Meteorological Administration Public Meteorological Service Center, Beijing 100081, China
2 National Early Warning Center, Beijing 100081, China
3 Emergency Warning Open Laboratory of the China Meteorological Administration Public Meteorological Service Center, Beijing 100081, China
4 China Meteorological Service Association, Beijing 100081, China
5 Emergency Warning Committee of China Meteorological Service Association, Beijing 100081, China
6 World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Geneva 2300, Switzerland

Received:2023-04-06 Revised:2023-05-16 Online:2023-07-30 Published:2023-06-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气候灾难造成流离失所的人数是战争的3倍，全球人口的一半已经处于危险区。作为应对气候变化的有效适应措施和低垂成果，联合国全民早期预警行动计划在《联合国气候变化框架公约》第27次缔约方大会上发布。该计划将通过四大支柱——灾害风险知识与管理、观测监测与预报、预警发布与传播、备灾与响应，在未来5年（2023—2027年）内，向地球上每个人提供预警，以抵御日益极端和危险的天气。预警的防灾减灾社会效益明显，发展中国家在预警发布系统上花费数亿元就可以避免每年十倍于投入的灾害损失。建议加强法制规划，理顺预警发布各环节，提升预警发布的及时性、精准性和权威性；加大对亚洲多灾种警报系统（GMAS-A）支持力度，将GMAS-A打造成联合国全民早期预警计划的示范项目，充分发挥GMAS-A在“一带一路”沿线国家及全球防灾减灾中的作用；同时在《联合国气候变化框架公约》下主动设置“预警服务发展中国家”谈判议题，输出中国最佳实践与经验，推动构建人类命运共同体。

关键词: 联合国, 早期预警, 四大支柱

Abstract:

The number of people displaced by climate disasters is three times that by wars, with half of humanity already in the danger zone. As an effective adaptation measure and low hanging achievement in addressing climate change, the United Nations Early Warnings for All Executive Action Plan was released at the 27th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The plan will provide early warning to all people on Earth over the next five years (2023-2027) through the following four pillars: disaster risk knowledge and management, observation monitoring and forecasting, early warning communication and dissemination, and disaster preparedness and response capabilities, resisting increasingly extreme and dangerous weather. Early warning has significant social benefits in disaster prevention and reduction. Developing countries can avoid disaster losses that are ten times the cost of the system every year by spending hundreds of millions of dollars on early warning release systems. It is recommended to strengthen legal planning and streamline the various stages of early warning issuance, in order to improve the timeliness, accuracy, and authority of early warning issuance. It is to increase support for the Global Multi-hazard Alert System-Asia (GMAS-A), make GMAS-A a demonstration project of the United Nations Early Warning for All Executive Action Plan, and is give full play to the role of GMAS-A in disaster prevention and reduction in countries along the “the Belt and Road” and the world. At the same time, under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the negotiation topic of “early warning services for developing countries” should be actively established, and China’s best practices and experiences should be exported to promote the construction of a community with a shared future for mankind.

Key words: United Nations, Early warning, Four pillars

刘颖杰, 周馥荔, 曹之玉, 许小峰, 张文建. 联合国全民早期预警行动计划进展[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2023, 19(4): 530-540.

LIU Ying-Jie, ZHOU Fu-Li, CAO Zhi-Yu, XU Xiao-Feng, ZHANG Wen-Jian. A review of United Nations Early Warnings for All Executive Action Plan[J]. Climate Change Research, 2023, 19(4): 530-540.

图/表 3

图1 五年行动计划的实施框架注：NMHSs为国家气象水文部门，GBON为全球基本观测网络，CAP为通用警报协议。

Fig. 1 Implementation framework of the five-year action plan

表1 七大风险知识产出主题

Table 1 The seven risk knowledge outcome themes

图2 四大支柱资金投入

Fig. 2 New investment in the four pillars

参考文献 15

[1]	WMO. Early Warnings for All Executive Action Plan[R/OL]. 2023 [2023-03-28]. https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=11426
[2]	IPCC. Climate change 2022: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022
[3]	IPCC. Synthesis report of the IPCC sixth assessment report (AR6)[R/OL]. 2023 [2023-03-28]. https://report.ipcc.ch/ar6syr/pdf/IPCC_AR6_SYR_LongerReport.pdf
[4]	United Nations Office on Disaster Risk Reduction UNISDR. Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015-2030[R/OL]. 2015 [2023-02-12]. https://www.preventionweb.net/files/43291_sendaiframeworkfordrren.pdf
[5]	WMO. WMO guidelines on multi-hazard impact-based forecast and warning services[R/OL]. 2015 [2023-03-06]. https://library.wmo.int/index.php?lvl=infopages&pagesid=41#.ZGHY8_lTxOt
[6]	United Nations. Historic climate deal sealed at COP27 as climate conference takes a leap to save lives and livelihoods[EB/OL]. 2022 [2022-11-29]. https://cop27.eg/#/news/259/Historic%20Climate%20Deal%20Sealed%20a
[7]	薛澜, 徐建华. 提升应急管理风险沟通能力[J]. 中国应急管理, 2020 (4): 14-16.
	Xue L, Xu J H. Improve risk communication ability of emergency management.[J]. China Emergency Management, 2020 (4): 14-16 (in Chinese)
[8]	第十届全国人民代表大会常务委员会. 中华人民共和国突发事件应对法[M]. 北京: 法律出版社, 2007.
	The Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress. Emergency response law of the People’s Republic of China[M]. Beijing: Law Press China, 2007 (in Chinese)
[9]	薛澜, 沈华. 五大转变: 新时期应急管理体系建设的理念更新[J]. 行政管理改革, 2021 (7): 51-58. DOI: 10.14150/j.cnki.1674-7453.2021.07.002. doi: 10.14150/j.cnki.1674-7453.2021.07.002
	Xue L, Shen H. Five transformations: renewal of thoughts in the construction of emergency management system in new era[J]. Administration Reform, 2021 (7): 51-58 (in Chinese)
[10]	王会军, 唐国利, 陈海山, 等. “一带一路”区域气候变化事实、影响及可能风险[J]. 大气科学学报, 2020, 43 (1): 1-9.
	Wang H J, Tang G L, Chen H S, et al. The Belt and Road region climate change: fact, impacts and possible risk[J]. Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences, 2020, 43 (1): 1-9 (in Chinese)
[11]	范一大. 我国灾害风险管理的未来挑战: 解读《2015—2030年仙台减轻灾害风险框架》[J]. 中国减灾, 2015 (4): 18-21.
	Fan Y D. Future challenges of disaster risk management in China: interpretation of the “Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015-2030”[J]. Journal of Disaster Reduction in China, 2015 (4): 18-21 (in Chinese)
[12]	顾佰和, 王琛, 盛煜辉, 等. COP27: 成果、挑战与展望[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2023, 19 (1): 127-132. DOI: 10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2022.270. doi: 10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2022.270
	Gu B H, Wang C, Sheng Y H, et al. COP27: progress, challenges, and outlook[J]. Climate Change Research, 2023, 19 (1): 127-132 (in Chinese)
[13]	United States Congress. H.R. 1107: PRC is not a developing country act[EB/OL]. 2023 [2023-03-06]. https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/1107
[14]	薛澜, 关婷. 多元国家治理模式下的全球治理: 理想与现实[J]. 政治学研究, 2021 (3): 65-77.
	Xue L, Guan T. Global governance towards multiple national governance mode: ideal and reality[J]. CASS Journal of Political Science, 2021 (3): 65-77 (in Chinese)
[15]	张文佳, 蔡玮. 亚投行推动“一带一路”建设的路径分析[J]. 东北亚经济研究, 2022 (4): 1-5.
	Zhang W J, Cai W. Analysis on the path of AIIB to promote the “Belt and Road” Initiative[J]. Northeast Asia Economic Research, 2022 (4): 1-5 (in Chinese)

联合国全民早期预警行动计划进展

A review of United Nations Early Warnings for All Executive Action Plan

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 3

参考文献 15

相关文章 3

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	樊星,王际杰,王田,高翔. 马德里气候大会盘点及全球气候治理展望[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2020, 16(3): 367-372.
[2]	陈敏鹏. 《联合国气候变化框架公约》适应谈判历程回顾与展望[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2020, 16(1): 105-116.
[3]	李婷. 联合国气候变化谈判磋商与决策规则研究[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2014, 10(1): 74-78.