拍卖机制在碳市场配额分配中的应用回顾和比较分析

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2019.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

配额拍卖机制在碳市场中具有重要作用。文中在综述配额拍卖机制研究进展的基础上,重点回顾拍卖机制在欧盟、美国加州和澳大利亚等具有代表性的国际碳市场中的应用情况,结合国内试点碳市场的运行情况,分析不同地区碳市场中拍卖机制的效果。研究认为,国际碳市场拍卖机制设计较为完善,在实际应用中效果良好,起到了增强市场流动性的作用,国内各试点碳市场拍卖机制仍处于探索阶段。文中从拍卖机制的要素设计、平台建设、所得资金管理等方面对全国统一碳市场配额拍卖机制设计提出建议,为全国碳市场中拍卖机制的建设提供参考。

关键词: 国际碳市场, 排放配额, 拍卖分配

Abstract:

The auction mechanism plays an important role in carbon markets. In this paper, we review the auction mechanism in different carbon markets, including the EU, California, Australia and China’s pilot carbon markets, and we analyze the auction effect on these carbon markets. The auction practice of international carbon markets shows auction mechanism can benefit carbon markets by better operations and liquidity. However, China’s pilot carbon markets are still under development and improvement and the auction mechanism is at experimental stage. We propose some suggestions to China’s national carbon market from the auction factor design, the auction platform construction and the auction fund management. These research conclusions and recommendations are expected to provide valuable reference for the design of auction mechanism in China’s national carbon market.

Key words: International carbon markets, Emission allowance, Auction allocation

张文秀,邓茂芝,周剑. 拍卖机制在碳市场配额分配中的应用回顾和比较分析[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2019, 15(3): 246-256.

Wen-Xiu ZHANG,Mao-Zhi DENG,Jian ZHOU. Review and comparative analysis on auction mechanism for allowance allocation in carbon markets[J]. Climate Change Research, 2019, 15(3): 246-256.

图/表 9

表1 世界主要碳市场拍卖机制应用情况

Table 1 The application of auction mechanism in carbon markets

表2 EU ETS拍卖应用情况

Table 2 The auction mechanism in EU ETS

表3 EU ETS第2阶段拍卖情况

Table 3 The auction in the second stage of EU ETS

图1 2013—2017年EU ETS拍卖情况②(②http://www.eex.com/en/market-data/environmental-markets/auction-market/european-emission-allowances-auction#!/2010/01/05。)

Fig. 1 The auction in EU ETS during 2013-2017②(②http://www.eex.com/en/market-data/environmental-markets/auction-market/european-emission-allowances-auction#!/2010/01/05。)

表4 CAT ETS拍卖应用情况

Table 4 The auction mechanism in CAT ETS

图2 CAT ETS第3阶段（2012—2017年）拍卖情况④(④https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/auction/auction_archive.htm。)

Fig. 2 The auction in the third stage (2012-2017) of CAT ETS④(④https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/capandtrade/auction/auction_archive.htm。)

表5 AU ETS拍卖应用情况

Table 5 The auction mechanism in AU ETS

表6 国内试点碳市场拍卖应用情况

Table 6 The auction mechanism in China’s carbon trading pilots

表7 国内外碳市场拍卖机制对比

Table 7 Comparison of auction mechanisms in international carbon markets and China’s carbon pilots

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