Variations of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in wetland water along the urban-rural gradients in Shenyang

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2019.117

Abstract

Abstract:

Wetland is a major living environment for human being due to its abundant biodiversity landscape and important ecological functions. However, urbanization excessive focuses on economic development, causing wetland ecosystem damage. In this study, using urban-rural gradient method combined with the characteristics of wetland distribution, a research belt from Shenyang urban center to the urban fringe was set up. Along the research belt of town area (Hunhe River), suburb (Puhe River), and rural (Wolong Lake, Xianzi Lake), we systematically studied the impacts of urbanization on water carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the typical river and lake wetlands. The results showed that carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus contents of wetland waters were related to the urban-rural gradient. Total carbon (TC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and SUVA₂₈₀ values gradually increased along the urban-suburban-rural gradient zone, and the highest values were in the Wolong Lake (away from the city center), being about (120.68±2.34) mg/L, (41.56±6.27) mg/L and (0.35±0.10) L/(mg·m). They were significantly higher than those in the Xianzi Lake (outside of fourth ring area), Puhe River (go through fourth ring area) and Hunhe River (go through third ring area). The wetland water nitrogen and phosphorus contents generally showed decrease trend along the urban-rural gradient, but the highest values were in the Puhe River. The total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in this River were (5.35±0.19) mg/L and (1.45±0.07) mg/L respectively, which were significantly higher than the Hunhe River. Urbanization generally increased the content of NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N contents in wetland water. Among them, the highest value of NH₄⁺-N content was in Hunhe River wetland, being about (1.28±0.14) mg/L, and the highest value of NO₃^--N content was in Puhe River wetland, about (1.42±0.15) mg/L. These results indicated that urbanization changed wetland water carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents, lowering DOC concentration, increasing small molecules, and making DOC easy loss. Meanwhile, urbanization with the higher human activities increased nitrogen and phosphorus discharge, making the TP and TN exceeded the standard, and the NH₄⁺-N and NO₃^--N concentrations increase in Hunhe River and Puhe River wetlands. In the future, with the development of urbanization, strict control and rational planning should be considered to prevent wetland water pollution and ecological disturbance.

Key words: Urbanization, Wetland, Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), Ammoniac nitrogen, Nitrate nitrogen

WANG Jiao-Yue, XI Feng-Ming, HOU Wei, BING Long-Fei, YIN Yan, XU Ting-Ting, WANG Jia-Feng, MA Ming-Jing. Variations of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in wetland water along the urban-rural gradients in Shenyang[J]. Climate Change Research, 2020, 16(4): 453-465.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig. 1 The urbanization impacts on carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles in wetland ecosystem

Fig. 2 The sketch map of landscape (a) and wetland (b) distribution in Shenyang and its sampling locations (c-e)

Table 1 The changes of water total carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in river and lake wetlands

Table 2 The percentages of water DOC and DIC in total carbon and its availability in different wetlands

Fig. 3 The differences of water DOC contents in different Shenyang wetlands

Fig. 4 The variation characteristic of water DOC in different Shenyang wetlands

Fig. 6 The variation characteristic of water NH4+-N in different Shenyang wetlands

Fig. 7 The variation characteristic of water NO3--N in different Shenyang wetlands

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