Abstract:

Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015, has initiated the new paradigm of global climate governance. Over the past decade, with the completion of the Paris implementation rulebook, the advancement of the five-year “implementation cycle”, and the emergence of new issues such as loss and damage and just transition, the global climate governance has steadily progressed towards a direction of being “fair, reasonable, cooperative and win-win”. Amidst the dramatic shifts in the global political and economic landscape, the breaking records of global surface temperature, and the United States’ withdrawal from the Paris Agreement for the second time under President Trump, the upcoming COP30 Belém Climate Conference stands as another critical juncture in the intergovernmental climate change process. Key negotiation topics will include global goal on adaptation, mitigation, deforestation, and just transition, as well as the potential refinement on the implementation mechanism of the Paris Agreement. Upon the decennial of the Paris Agreement, reviewing its progress, analyzing key contentions and challenges, and envisioning the prospects of global climate governance, will be helpful to achieve a balanced and comprehensive outcome in Belém.

Key words: Climate change, Paris Agreement, Climate negotiation, COP30