温室气体清单指南历程及透明度框架的模式、程序和指南分析与展望

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2025.060

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

系统梳理了政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）国家温室气体清单指南的发展历程，归纳了其4个阶段的演进特征：从初始框架构建，到系统化与部门完善，再到基于科学研究的系统升级，最终形成最新指南。根据《巴黎协定》第13条所指的透明度框架的模式、程序和指南（MPGs)，基于《2006年IPCC国家温室气体清单指南》，阐述了清单编制的规范与要求。对比分析了MPGs中的强制性要求（“必须”类条款）和非强制性要求（“应当”“可”“鼓励”类条款)，揭示了其“强制性规范+灵活性空间”的制度设计。最后，指出了中国在编制双年透明度报告（BTR）和温室气体清单文件（NID）时面临的由1996年指南向2006年指南过渡中存在的活动水平数据收集、排放因子确定等问题，提出了应对措施，并建议加快建立符合MPGs要求的具有中国特色的温室气体核算报告制度。

关键词: IPCC, 国家温室气体清单指南, 横式、程序和指南（MPGs）, 清单编制

Abstract:

In this paper, the development process of the IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidelines is systematically reviewed, and the evolution characteristics of its four stages are summarized, namely, from the initial stage framework construction to the systematization and department improvement stage, and then to the stage of system upgrade based on scientific research breakthroughs, further, to refine and finalize the latest guidelines. Based on the Modalities, Procedures and Guidelines (MPGs) for the transparency framework for action and support referred to in Article 13 of the Paris Agreement, and using the 2006 IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidelines, the specification and requirements for the preparation of greenhouse gas inventories are systematically elaborated, the mandatory requirements (“shall”) and non-mandatory requirements (“should”, “may” and “encourage” ) in MPGs are compared and analyzed, and the institutional construction based on the design of “mandatory regulations plus flexibility mechanism” are revealed. Finally, it highlights the challenges China faces in transition from the 1996 Guidelines to the 2006 Guidelines while preparing the Biennial Transparency Report (BTR) and National Inventory Document (NID). It also proposes measures to address these issues and recommends accelerating the establishment of a greenhouse gas accounting and reporting system that meets the requirements of the MPGs with Chinese characteristics.

Key words: IPCC, Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidelines, Modalities, Procedures and Guidelines (MPGs), Inventory compilation

高庆先. 温室气体清单指南历程及透明度框架的模式、程序和指南分析与展望[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2025, 21(5): 593-601.

GAO Qing-Xian. Review and prospects on Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidelines and Modalities, Procedures and Guidelines (MPGs) for the transparency framework for action and support[J]. Climate Change Research, 2025, 21(5): 593-601.

图/表 7

表1 IPCC历次国家温室气体清单指南和报告

Table 1 IPCC National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Guidelines and reports

图1 透明度框架的MPGs内容

Fig. 1 The contents of the MPG for the transparency framework

图2 MPGs温室气体国家清单报告规定和要求

Fig. 2 Guidelines and requirements for National Greenhouse Gas Inventory reports under MPGs

表2 MPGs中有关国情和制度安排的要求

Table 2 Requirements to national circumstances and institutional arrangements in MPGs

表3 MPGs中完整性评估的要求

Table 3 Requirements for evaluating completeness in MPGs

表4 MPGs中有关提交报告的要求

Table 4 Requirements for submitting reports in MPGs

图3 中国科学家在历次清单指南编制中不同贡献者人数

Fig. 3 The number of Chinese scientists involved in developing various inventory guidelines

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