Abstract: In order to measure the fairness of the right of aviation carbon emissions, the carbon Lorentz curve and Gini coefficient were constructed on the basis of the international aviation history cumulative CO₂ emissions per capita. This way was borrowed from the research idea of fair income distribution. The results show that there is a huge unfairness about international aviation carbon emissions in history, and with the accumulative starting year delaying, the unfairness is partially hidden. Fair allocation of carbon emissions is the key to build international aviation global emissions reduction mechanism. A fair method is proposed in this paper to allocate the aviation carbon emission rights on the basis of responsibility-capacity index. Taking the goal of “carbon-neutral growth by 2020” as an example, the carbon emission reductions of different states in 2021 were calculated with the use of the proposed method.

Key words: the right of aviation carbon emissions, fair allocation, the carbon Lorentz curve, the carbon Gini coefficient, responsibility-capacity index