Abstract: Under the condition of polar eco-environment, the accumulative profiles of seabird and sea animal excrements and the depositional sequences influenced by animal excrements are good archives to study eco-geology in ice-free regions of Antarctica and Arctic. The historical records of Antarctic penguin and seal population changes, which had been reconstructed from the sediments influenced by animal excrements, showed that historically the penguin and seal population had experienced dramatic fluctuations. The period of sharp decrease in penguin populations corresponded well to Neoglaciation, and it may be not suitable for the survival of Antarctic penguin under the extremely cold or warm climate conditions; the historical change of seal population seemed to be related to climatic variation, sea-ice coverage and its forage behavior. Additionally, the results showed that the Antarctic seal hairs and sediments including seal excrements well preserved the historical information of ancient civilization over the past several thousand years, and the fluctuations of Hg concentration in the seal hairs and the excrement sediments were found to be closely coincided with ancient activities of gold and silver mining

Key words: Antarctica, sediments influenced by animal excrements, penguin, seal, eco-environmental variation, human civilization