气候变化研究进展 ›› 2015, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (1): 15-21.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-1719.2015.01.003

• 气候变化与水资源专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

汉江流域极端水文事件时空分布特征

杨 卫1,2,张利平1,2,闪丽洁1,2,陈心池1,2,杨艳蓉3   

  1. 1 武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,武汉 430072;
    2 水资源安全保障湖北省协同创新中心,武汉 430072;
    3 水利部黄河水利委员黑河流域管理局,兰州 730030
  • 收稿日期:2014-08-05 修回日期:2014-09-30 出版日期:2015-01-30 发布日期:2015-01-30
  • 通讯作者: 张利平 E-mail:zhanglp@whu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金;国家自然科学基金;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金;中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金

Spatiotemporal Distribution Features of Extreme Hydrological Events in the Hanjiang River Basin

Yang Wei1, 2, Zhang Liping1, 2, Shan Lijie1, 2, Chen Xinchi1, 2, Yang Yanrong3   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China;
    2 Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Water Resources Security, Wuhan 430072, China; 
    3 Heihe River Bureau, Yellow River Conservancy Commission of the Ministry of Water Resources, Lanzhou 730030, China
     
  • Received:2014-08-05 Revised:2014-09-30 Online:2015-01-30 Published:2015-01-30

摘要: 利用1960—2012年汉江流域15个气象站点的日降雨资料和3个水文站同时期日径流资料,分析了9个极端降雨指数的空间分布规律,运用广义极值分布(GEV)、Gamma分布两种极值统计模型对各站点的最大1 d降雨、最大3 d降雨极值样本进行拟合,遴选描述降雨极值分布规律最优概率模型,进而推算给定重现期下的降雨设计值,并分析其空间分布规律;选用Gumbel、Clayton和Frank这3种Copula函数建立降雨-洪量极值联合分布模型,优选最合适的Copula函数,由此计算给定重现期下的洪量设计值。结果表明:GEV分布模型能更好地模拟降雨极值序列,不同重现期下的降雨极值在空间上均呈西低东高的特征;3种Copula函数中,Frank Copula函数能更好地拟合降雨-洪量相关关系,由此推求的洪量设计值大于单变量拟合设计值。

关键词: 极端水文事件, 极端降雨指数, 极端洪水, 单变量分布, Copula函数

Abstract: The spatial distribution rules of 9 extreme precipitation indices are analyzed based on the daily precipitation data from 15 meteorological stations and the daily runoff data from 3 hydrological stations in the Hanjiang River basin from 1960 to 2012. The generalized extreme value (GEV) model and the Gamma model are selected for the fitting of each station’s extremum samples of maximum 1-day precipitation and maximum 3-day precipitation to single out the best statistical model, and then the precipitation design value with the given recurrence interval is calculated and its spatial distribution rules are analyzed. A joint distribution model of precipitation and flood volume is built based on three Copula functions including the Gumbel, the Clayton and the Frank, and the most appropriate Copula function model is chosen to calculate the design value of the flood volume with the given recurrence interval. The result shows that the GEV model can better simulate the extreme precipitation sequence, and the extreme precipitation in the recurrence interval presents a feature that it is high in the east and low in the west. In comparison with other Copula functions, the Frank Copula function is better to simulate the correlation relationship between the precipitation and the flood volume, and the design value of the flood volume obtained by this function is greater than the design value derived from the fitting of univariate distribution.

Key words: extreme hydrological event, extreme precipitation index, extreme flood, univariate distribution, Copula function

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