多年冻土区森林大火对生态服务功能的影响研究

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2020.019

气候变化研究进展 ›› 2020, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (5): 545-554.doi: 10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2020.019

多年冻土区森林大火对生态服务功能的影响研究

李晓英¹^,²^,³, 金会军²^,³^,⁴(), 何瑞霞³, 黄亚冬³

1 东北林业大学林学院森林生态系统可持续经营教育部重点实验室/北方林火管理国家林草局重点实验室,哈尔滨 150040
2 东北林业大学寒区工程与科学技术研究院/东北多年冻土区地质环境系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,哈尔滨 150040
3 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冻土工程国家重点实验室,兰州 730000
4 东北林业大学土木工程学院,哈尔滨 150040

收稿日期:2020-02-03 修回日期:2020-03-24 出版日期:2020-09-30 发布日期:2020-09-30
通讯作者: 金会军
作者简介:李晓英,女,副教授
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41871052);冻土工程国家重点实验室自主课题(SKLFSE-ZT-20)

Effects of forest fires on ecological service in permafrost regions

LI Xiao-Ying¹^,²^,³, JIN Hui-Jun²^,³^,⁴(), HE Rui-Xia³, HUANG Ya-Dong³

1 Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management of Ministry of Education/ Northern Forest Fire Management Key Laboratory of the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau, College of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
2 Institute of Cold-Regions Engineering Science and Technology/ Northeast-China Observatory and Research-Station of Permafrost Geo-Environment of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
3 State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
4 School of Civil Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Received:2020-02-03 Revised:2020-03-24 Online:2020-09-30 Published:2020-09-30
Contact: JIN Hui-Jun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在气候变暖背景下,大兴安岭森林大火导致多年冻土退化,植被发生更新和演替,对森林生态系统服务功能造成重要影响。文中选取大兴安岭北部多年冻土区满归和阿龙山火烧区为研究对象,通过定量方法计算了林火后,固碳释氧效益损失;净化环境效益损失,包括吸收SO₂和粉尘净化价值;水文效益损失,包括防洪和涵养水源效益;小气候效益损失;保护野生生物以及游憩效益损失。研究发现,满归和阿龙山火烧后,生态系统服务效益损失重大。其中,固碳释氧效益和净化环境效益损失较大,分别占总效益损失的42.34%和41.94%;水文效益和保护野生生物效益损失较小,分别为2.82%和0.80%;小气候效益和游憩效益居中,分别占8.61%和3.49%。即使针叶林生态系统恢复到阔叶林生态系统,净化环境效益损失仍然可达69.3%。由此看来,保护多年冻土区的针叶林,减少森林火灾的发生对维持多年冻土区森林生态系统的稳定性和可持续发展至关重要。

关键词: 多年冻土区, 森林大火, 生态服务功能, 针叶林

Abstract:

Under a warming climate, increasing forest fires in the Greater Hinggan Mountains in Northeast China has led to the degradation of permafrost and recovery and succession of vegetation, obviously impacting on service functions of the forest ecosystem. In this study, Mangui and Alongshan in the northern Greater Hinggan Mountains were chosen as the study areas. Through quantitative methods, we calculated the benefits and losses of CO₂ fixation and O₂ release by the forest ecosystem; purifying the environment, including the absorption of SO₂ and dusts; hydrological benefits, including flood control and water conservation; microclimate benefit loss; wildlife conservation and recreational benefits. Significant losses of ecosystem service values have occurred after fires in Mangui and Alongshan. The losses in the benefits of CO₂ fixation and O₂ release and purifying the environment were the two largest, accounting for 42.34% and 41.94% of the total benefit loss, respectively. The losses in the wildlife conservation benefits were the least (0.80%). Those in microclimatic, recreational and hydrological benefits, accounted for 8.61%, 3.49%, and 2.82%, respectively. Even if the coniferous forest ecosystem restored to the broad-leaved forest ecosystem after the fire, the loss in the benefit of purifying the environment could still reach 69.3%. Therefore, it is essential to systematically protect coniferous forests in permafrost areas and effectively reduce the occurrences of forest fires, so as to maintain the stability, sustainability and service ability of forest ecosystem in permafrost regions.

Key words: Permafrost region, Forest fire, Ecosystem service, Coniferous forests

李晓英, 金会军, 何瑞霞, 黄亚冬. 多年冻土区森林大火对生态服务功能的影响研究[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2020, 16(5): 545-554.

LI Xiao-Ying, JIN Hui-Jun, HE Rui-Xia, HUANG Ya-Dong. Effects of forest fires on ecological service in permafrost regions[J]. Climate Change Research, 2020, 16(5): 545-554.

图/表 4

图1 大兴安岭多年冻土研究区和研究站点分布图（基于Jin等[56]和周幼吾等[60]修改）

Fig. 1 Study region and sites in the permafrost region in the northern Greater Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China (Modified from [56] and [60])

表1 生态系统服务价值计算公式及研究内容

Table 1 Calculation formulas and research contents of ecosystem service values

表2 满归和阿龙山火烧前针叶林生态服务功能价值万元/a

Table 2 Ecological service values of Mangui and Alongshan in coniferous forest in the northern Greater Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China

表3 火烧前后,大兴安岭北部满归和阿龙山研究区生态系统服务价值（ESV）变化

Table 3 Changes in ecological service values (ESV) of coniferous forest in Mangui and Alongshan in the northern Greater Hinggan Mountains, Northeast China

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多年冻土区森林大火对生态服务功能的影响研究

Effects of forest fires on ecological service in permafrost regions

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