A statistic regression approach was introduced to estimate the wavelength index of black carbon and dust particles, and further to separate the contribution of the two types of aerosols to the aerosol light absorption coefficients measured in the spring of 2006 in Beijing urban area. The results show that the wavelength exponent index (a) of black carbon aerosol at Beijing urban site was about -0.92, which was in agreement to the value of (-0.8±0.2) reported in related studies. The decoupling analysis of the measured light absorption coefficients during the three floating dust periods at Beijing in the spring of 2006 (March 25th, March 27th, April 9th) demonstrate that, on average, light absorption caused by dust particles takes up about 32.8% of total light absorption at 520 nm wavelength, and by black carbon aerosol more than 60%, which indicates that the black carbon is still the major contributor of aerosol light absorption in Beijing urban areas even in the floating dust periods.

Continuous observation of atmospheric aerosol scattering properties was conducted from 17 December 2005 to 14 February 2006 in Taiyuan using the Integrating Nephelometer. The results indicate that the mean value of the scattering coefficient was (850.2±611.3) Mm-1. The frequency distribution of the hourly average scattering coefficient had a maximum in the range of 200-300 Mm-1. The diurnal variation of the scattering coefficient presents a curve of two peaks. The hourly average concentration of PM2.5 and scattering coefficient are significantly correlated (R2=0.82). It is found that the atmospheric aerosol scattering properties are comprehensively affected by the meteorological conditions.

Based on the surface meteorological data at 97 stations of Hunan Province during 1961-2006, climatic characteristics of the weather phenomenon of haze were analyzed. Results show that, since the 1970s, haze days has increased quickly, its extremum has been renewed more frequently, the intensity of haze is strengthening and the area of heavy haze is widening. In the last 46 years, the annual average wind speed in Hunan Province declined linearly, the yearly total rain days decreased wavely, the days with relative humidity ≤ 70% increased. Climate change, speed up of urbanization and the increase in air pollutant are likely the basic causes of more haze phenomena.

Based on the monthly temperature at 160 stations of China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1951 to 2005, the variation of spatial mode for winter temperature in China and its relationship with the atmospheric circulation were studied. Results show that: 1) The winter temperature changes in China have two great modes. The first mode has an identical signal in whole China and the temperature has increased since the middle 1980s. The second mode has a seesaw pattern between northern and southern China, and shows a warming in Northeast China and Northwest China, and cooling in Southwest China and South China after the middle 1980s. 2) The Siberian High is significantly correlated to the first mode of temperature. There are strong tendencies for cold conditions over most of China associated with the strengthened Siberian High, and contrariwise. 3) Arctic Oscillation (AO) is closely associated with the second mode. There are notable tendencies for warm conditions over Northeast China, and Northwest China associated with the positive AO phase.

Based on summer precipitation data, by using trend analysis, wavelet transform methods, the changes of summer rainfall in North China and in India were analyzed. The results show that the summer monsoon rainfall has obviously linear decreasing tendency both in North China and in India, it is more obvious in North China than in India, with an average decreasing trend of 16 mm/10a in North China during the past 56 years and 2 mm/10a in India, respectively. The change of rainfall has a dominant 18-year period both in North China and in India. Turning of rainfall change occurred in 1956, 1976 and 1992/1993. The precipitation mostly occurred from June to September in two regions, but their changes were not the same. In North China, the rainfall appeared a rapid enhancement in July, and an abrupt decrease in September. However, in India, the rainfall appeared a rapid enhancement in June and an abrupt decrease in October.

Based on 112stations daily precipitation datasets in northwest china from 1960 to 2004 year, concentrated characteristics of precipitation were analyzed by concentration degree and concentration period in northwest china, The result show that spatial distribution of precipitation concentration degree(PCD) and precipitation concentration period(PCP) exist biggish territorial difference in northwest china. It is proved that PCD show out-of-phase change tendency in the east and west of northwest china, and PCP show out-of-phase change tendency in the south and north of northwest china. It is also found that there are better correlation between PCD, PCP and annual precipitation. Furthermore it is proved that there are better correlation between PCD, PCP and the east Asia summer Monsoon, summer Arctic oscillation in inter-decadal scale.

Seasonal and annual trends of mean, minimum and maximum temperature series in Wuhan meteorological station and four rural stations averaged from 1960 to 2005, from 1960 to 1982 and from 1983 to 2005, respectively, together with the trends of urban heat island intensity and its contribution rate were calculated. The main results are: 1) most of the temperature trends are positive, the warming rate of minimum temperature is higher than that of maximum temperature, the warming rate is high in winter than in summer, there is an apparent asymmetrical change; 2) the urban heat island effect has intensified during the last 46 years in Wuhan, the warming rates of mean, minimum and maximum temperatures are 0.235, 0.425 and 0.034℃/10a, and the contribution rates to the series are 60.4%, 67.7% and 21.8%, respectively; 3) the increases of the temperature and heat island intensity are mainly contributed by the rapid warming in the latest two decades. Abstract: Seasonal and annual bias rates of mean，minimum and maximum temperature series in Wuhan meteorological station and 4 suburb stations averaged from 1960 to 2005, form 1960 to 1982, from 1983-2005, together with the bias rates of urban heat island intensity and its contribution rate are calculated. The main results are: 1)most of the temperature bias rates are positive, the warming rate of minimum temperature is higher than that of maximum temperature, the warming rate is high in winter than in summer, there is apparent asymmetric change; 2)the urban heat island effect has intensified in last 46 years, in Wuhan, the warming rate of mean, minimum and maximum temperature is 0.235, 0.425 and 0.034℃/10a, and the contribution rates to the series get 60.4%, 67.7% and 21.8% respectively; 3)the increasing of the temperature and heat island intensity in last 46 years is mainly contributed by the latest 23 years. The urban heat island effect is seriously included in the temperature series in Wuhan, moving the station is strongly suggested. Key words: urban heat island intensity, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, asymmetric change

Using the CRU monthly data of the surface mean temperature and precipitation, and the output data of 22 AOGCMs participated in IPCC AR4, the preliminary analysis of AOGCMs simulated capability in East Asia for the 20th century has been evaluated in this paper. The results indicate that there are large differences among GCMs, although GCMs have a certain capability to simulate current climate over East Asia. Compared with the single model, the ensemble mean is better. In general, the simulated temperature is lower, and the simulated precipitation is higher than the observations. According to both analyses of spatial distribution of 20-year mean and the time series of the 20th century, the result of simulated temperature is better than that of simulated precipitation.

The possible climate changes for three emission scenarios (SRES A2, A1B, B1) were projected by ECHAM5/ MPI-OM. Based on the projected data, possible temperature and precipitation changes during 2001-2050 in the Yangtze River basin were analyzed. The results show that, temperature would rise mostly in July and August for the whole basin, and precipitation in July would have an increasing tendency while a decreasing tendency in August. Based on the results, temporal distribution of summer precipitation would be more concentrated, which maybe aggravate both flood and drought disasters in the future.

A new method for revising simulated climate data, which can remove both shifts of climate mean and variability, was developed in this work. The method can adjust the simulated value to the observed one. An attempt of applying the simulations under the B2 scenario in the IPCC data bank was made, which took the future 100 years projection of Beijing as a case, and the utility of the revision method was proved. By analyzing feature of Beijing's climate change in the future, it is shown that the temperature would still rise in the 21st century, its change rate would be about 0.31℃/10 a, the non-symmetrical characteristics of minimum- maximum temperature would continue. The precipitation has a weak decrease trend with the rate of 1.03 mm /10 a.

Each session of Conference of the Parties (COP) of UNFCCC referred to the impacts of, and vulnerability and adaptation to climate change. However, the progress on how to help developing countries to adapt to climate change was unsuccessful. In this paper, we summarize the main decisions related to adaptation to climate change in the negotiation of UNFCCC, analyze the reasons that the negotiation of impact of and adaptation to climate change made slow progress, as well as put forward some suggestions on negotiation of impact of and adaptation to climate change.