Abstract:

The 28th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP28) completed the first Global Stocktake under the Paris Agreement. The assessment of the overall progress of pre-2020 global climate action is an indispensable component of this Global Stocktake. Whether to fulfill the pre-2020 climate commitments is the foundation for promoting the sustained and effective implementation of the Paris Agreement and carrying out post-2020 climate action. However, there is still a significant gap between the current global climate action and the long-term goals of the Paris Agreement. Developed countries have not effectively fulfilled their pre-2020 emission reduction commitments under the Cancun Agreement, and developing countries have proposed Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMAs), but it is difficult to assess the general progress in fulfilling these NAMAs. In addition, when developed countries were implementing their pre-2020 mitigation actions, there were some problems, including their mitigation targets were less ambitious, some conturies already achieved part of the mitigation targets when they released the targets, their emission reduction mainly relied on the COVID-19 and the mitigation contribution by economies in transition (EIT) countries, and they failed to fulfill their commitments on financial support and emission reduction. Developing countries face technological barriers and information access barriers in obtaining low-carbon technology support from developed countries. With vigorously developing renewable energy and continuously promoting energy structure optimization, China has exceeded its 2020 climate target and achieved victory in Poverty Eradication in 2020, making great contributions to the global green and low-carbon transition. It is Recommended that all parties focus on concrete actions rather than empty slogans. In particular, developed countries should take the lead in strengthening actions and fill in the pre-2020 implementation gaps, and strengthening the financial, technological and capacity-building support for developing countries, so as to ensure that they contribute to global climate governance based on their national circumstances.

Key words: Paris Agreement, Pre-2020 actions, Mitigation targets, Implementation, Global climate governance