Abstract:

The Paris Agreement completed its first global inventory at COP28, reached the UAE Consensus, and proposed the accelerated development of global renewable energy, the transition away from fossil energy, net zero emission energy system and other important content, demonstrating the outstanding role of energy transformation in achieving global climate goals. Significant achievements in global fossil energy consumption hindering energy transition, low-carbon energy technology becoming new growth point for global green low-carbon technology innovation, and global renewable energy investment promoting electrification rate have become the prominent characteristics of the current global energy transformation. At the same time, major economies attach great importance to energy transformation and technological innovation, making them as the main focus of long-term low emission strategy. The EU has launched new energy system and smart grid construction, Germany has taken multiple measures to promote fossil energy transformation, Japan continues to focus on hydrogen energy technology development, India develops consumption of renewable energy, and China has promoted the development of the new energy industry. The preliminary evaluation index system based on the energy transformation efforts and technological innovation capabilities of various countries shows that the EU and China are in the world’s top tier in energy transformation and technological innovation. To accelerate the global energy transformation and technological innovation process, countries should actively promote the implementation of long-term low emission strategy, establish a global funding mechanism for energy transition and technological innovation, accelerate the global green and low-carbon technology innovation sharing, and advance multilateral solutions for international cooperation.

Key words: Global Stocktake, Energy transition, Green low-carbon technology, Evaluation system