关键词: 暖夜, 健康, 流行病学, 人群脆弱性, 极端高温, 热浪

Abstract: Global warming exhibits a pronounced diurnal asymmetry, with the warming rate of nighttime minimum temperatures significantly faster than that of daytime, leading to the frequent occurrence of “warm night” events. Warm nights have profoundly reshaped the heat exposure risk structure for regional populations and pose a severe challenge to public health security. This paper systematically reviews the epidemiological evidence, pathophysiological mechanisms, and the effects of compound day-night high temperatures on vulnerable populations concerning the impact of warm nights on human health in recent years. Studies indicate that warm nights are associated with mortality and the risk of specific disease onset; the core hazard of warm nights lies in blocking the human body’s nocturnal heat recovery process, and the pathogenic mechanisms may include disruption of sleep architecture, core body temperature dysregulation and cardiovascular strain, and triggering of neuroendocrine and inflammatory responses. In addition, this paper focuses on reviewing the impact of compound day-night high temperatures on vulnerable populations. Finally, the above associations and mechanisms are summarized, and an outlook on future research and practical measures is provided.

Key words: Warm nights, Health, Epidemiology, Population vulnerability, Extreme heat, Heatwaves