关键词: 格陵兰冰盖, 矿业开发, 反照率, 冰川动力学, 大西洋经向翻转环流（AMOC）

Abstract: The Greenland Ice Sheet functions as a critical regulatory hub for the global climate system and a massive freshwater reservoir. However, the exploitation of critical raw materials along its margins poses severe threats to both local ecosystems and global climate security. This study elucidates three physical mechanisms through which mining development compromises the integrity of the ice sheet. First, the deposition of black carbon and mineral dust from extraction activities darkens the ice surface, reducing albedo and accelerating ablation through positive feedback loops. Second, the physical loading of infrastructure and waste rock in marginal zones alters the local stress balance, thereby increasing the risk of dynamic instabilities and glacial calving. Third, the locally accelerated freshwater discharge may act as an additional pressure source under the background of climate change, jointly disturbing density stratification in the North Atlantic and further increasing the risk of instability in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Consequently, considering the irreversibility of Greenland ice sheet changes, mining developments targeting this region must undergo rigorous climate and ecological risk assessments to reduce the risk of potential cascading impacts of local extraction activities on ice-sheet stability and the global climate system.

Key words: Greenland ice sheet, Mining development, Albedo, Glacial dynamics, Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC)