关键词: 冰冻圈, 人文地理, 环境, 特征

Abstract:

The cryosphere human geography and environment is a discipline to study geographical distribution pattern and evolution law of human activities (population, livelihood, culture, economy, politics, etc.) in the cryosphere, which is closely related to cryosphere science, climate change science, environmental science, sociology and other disciplines. This discipline mainly focuses on human activities in the cryosphere region, how humans adapt to the cryosphere environment, and the comprehensive impact of these environmental changes on human society. The results show that: (1) During 1970-2024, the keyword of indigenous people have the highest frequency and the highest correlation with other keywords, followed by sustainable development, culture, climate change adaptation, community and health. These keywords have a prominent position and are the focuses and hot spots of the research on the human geographical environment of the cryosphere. (2) Keyword clustering forms the 10 most representative clusters of “climate change adaptation, politics, sustainable development, indigenous people, channel, health, food security, resources, culture and tourism”. (3) From 1990 to 2020, the population in the Arctic showed a slight decrease trend, while the population in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau showed an increase trend. Due to the restriction of the cryosphere environment, the inter-regional population migration was weak. (4) The cryosphere culture is dominated by the traditional culture of sea hunting, hunting and nomadism; the religion is dominated by primitive polytheism; the ethnic and linguistic diversity; and it is significantly affected by modern lifestyle and climate change. (5) The Arctic cryosphere is dominated by traditional reindeer industry and fishing activities, while the exploitation of mineral, oil and gas resources is mainly operated by enterprises. At the same time, the loss of Arctic sea ice has boosted the import and export trade of Arctic countries. The regional economic structure of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau cryosphere is dominated by animal husbandry. (6) Opportunities and risks coexist in cryosphere tourism. As a result of climate warming, its tourism comfort is increasing, the accessibility of tourism around the Arctic is increasing, and the impact on snow and ice resources in middle and low latitudes is significant, which has affected the sustainability of ski tourism. (7) Accelerated melting of polar ice caps and sea ice has enhanced the availability of polar resources. As the interests of many countries are involved, all countries intend to expand their territory or sphere of influence and obtain more resources, which leads to the strengthening of the game between major powers. The geopolitical problems of the middle and low latitudes cryosphere mainly focus on “water conflict”. In view of the significant impact of climate change on the human and geographical environment of the cryosphere, more attention should be paid to three issues in the future: the improvement of the livelihood and welfare level of the indigenous peoples in the cryosphere, the autonomy of the indigenous people in the cryosphere, and the sustainable development goals and realization paths of the polar regions.

Key words: Cryosphere, Human geography, Environment, Characteristic