中国省级层面生态保护领域适应气候变化对策、行动与措施评价

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2026.044

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

系统评价地方生态保护领域适应气候变化对策与行动状况，对科学执行适应气候变化行动有重要意义。本研究收集了中国除台湾省以外的33个省级层面生态保护领域适应气候变化相关742份文件，借鉴国际上分析方法，识别了省级层面生态保护领域适应气候变化对策与行动状态，分析了适应举措指数得分，以及适应性能力与适应准备度得分。同时，通过计算Kendall’s tau-b、Spearman-rho和Pearson相关系数，识别了适应举措指数与适应性能力及适应准备度间的关系。结果表明：(1)中国省级层面生态保护领域适应气候变化对策集中在制定与执行生态保护相关法规与经济刺激策略、生态系统管理与保护、生物多样性保护与利用、生态灾害及有害生物防范、生态退化治理和生态监测、生态空间优化、适应技术发展、综合生态保护对策与监管方面。(2)生态保护领域适应气候变化涉及极端事件及衍生灾害预警、防灾减灾、应急，生态保护与修复，生物多样性保护，生态监测与监管，生态空间区划与优化，能力建设方面6类行动31类具体措施。(3)生态保护领域适应气候变化的措施包括无悔策略、低悔策略、双赢策略、灵活适应性策略，以及针对气候变化的适应性措施，但主要为响应性行动措施。同时，包括防范风险、减少脆弱性、增加韧性和提高适应能力的措施。(4)生态保护领域适应举措指数得分属于中等（各省总得分为8.5~14.0)。(5)适应性能力及适应准备度得分都属于中等（分别为2.5~4.0和3.0~5.5)。(6)生态保护领域适应举措指数与适应性能力及适应准备度之间呈现显著的正相关关系（P<0.05）。研究结果说明，中国省级生态保护领域适应气候变化方面的对策与行动在增加，但主要集中在响应目前生态系统变化方面，并以无悔和低悔适应行动为主，专门针对气候变化的行动措施、适应性能力与适应准备度方面都还需要加强。

关键词: 气候变化, 适应行动, 生态保护, 适应性能力, 适应准备度

Abstract:

Systematically assessing the countermeasures and actions for adapting to climate change in the field of local ecological protection is of great significance for the scientific implementation of adaptation actions. This study collected 742 documents related to climate change (CC) adaptation in the field of ecological protection at the provincial-level in China (excluding Taiwan province), and drew on international analytical methods to identify the status of CC adaptation countermeasures and actions at the provincial level. It also analyzed the adaptation initiatives index score, as well as the scores of adaptive capacity and adaptation readiness. In addition, by calculating Kendall’s tau-b, spearman-rho, and Pearson correlation coefficients, the relationships between the adaptation initiatives index and adaptive capacity and adaptation readiness were identified. The results show: (1) the provincial countermeasures for CC adaptation in the ecological protection field in China mainly focus on formulating and implementing regulations and economic incentive strategies related to ecological protection, ecosystem management and protection, biodiversity conservation and utilization, prevention of ecological disasters and harmful organisms, ecological degradation control and ecological monitoring, ecological space optimization, development of adaptive technologies, implementation of comprehensive ecological protection countermeasures and supervision. (2) The adaptation to CC in the field of ecological protection involves 6 types of actions and 31 specific measures, including early warning of extreme events and related disasters, disaster prevention and mitigation, emergency response, ecological protection and restoration, biodiversity conservation, ecological monitoring and supervision, ecological space zoning and optimization, and capacity building, etc. (3) The adaptation measures in the field of ecological protection in response to CC mainly belong to responsive actions, including the no-regret strategy, the low-regret strategy, the win-win strategy, the flexible adaptability strategy, as well as response-oriented measures in response to CC. Moreover, measures for risk prevention, reducing vulnerability, increasing resilience, and improving adaptive capacity are also included. (4) The score of the adaptation initiatives index in the field of ecological protection belongs to medium level (the provincial total scores range from 8.5 to 14.0). (5) The scores of adaptive capacity and adaptation readiness both belong to medium level (the scores are 2.5-4.0 and 3.0-5.5 respectively). (6) The adaptation initiatives index shows a significant positive correlation (P<0.05) with adaptive capacity and adaptation readiness. The results indicate that the countermeasures and actions for CC adaptation in the provincial-level ecological protection field in China have increased, but they are mainly focused on responding to current ecosystem changes, and mainly include no-regret and low-regret adaptive actions. Specialized measures for CC response, adaptive capacity and adaptation readiness still need to be increased.

Key words: Climate change, Adaptation actions, Ecological protection, Adaptive capacity, Adaptive readiness

吴建国, 区维怡, 付梦娣. 中国省级层面生态保护领域适应气候变化对策、行动与措施评价[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2026, 22(4): 465-483.

WU Jian-Guo, OU Wei-Yi, FU Meng-Di. Assessing the China’s provincial-level countermeasures, actions and measures for adapting to climate change in the field of ecological protection[J]. Climate Change Research, 2026, 22(4): 465-483.

图/表 8

图1 2008—2025年各省适应气候变化相关文件数量

Fig. 1 The number of documents for adaptation to climate change in each province in 2008-2025

表1 生态系统适应气候变化对策

Table 1 Actions for adapting to climate change in the sector of ecological protection in different provincesCountermeasures for ecosystem adaptation to climate change

表2 不同省份生态保护领域适应气候变化行动

Table 2 Actions for adapting to climate change in the sector of ecological protection in different provinces

表3 不同省份生态保护领域适应气候变化行动措施

Table 3 Adaptation measures for climate change in the sector of ecological protection in different provinces

图2 各省生态保护领域适应举措指数得分注：外圈数字表示省份序号，内部径向上的数字表示得分；图中TA为总适应举措指数得分，GA为基础性适应行动得分，AA为具体适应行动得分。

Fig. 2 Scores of adaptation initiatives index in the field of ecological protection in response to climate change in different provinces

图3 各省生态保护领域气候变化适应性能力

Fig. 3 The adaptive capacity of different provinces in the field of ecological protection in response to climate change

图4 各省生态保护领域气候变化适应准备度

Fig. 4 The adaptation readiness for climate change in the field of ecological protection across different provinces

表4 适应举措指数得分与适应性能力及适应准备度得分相关系数

Table 4 Relationship between adaptation measures index scores and adaptive capacity or adaptation readiness scores

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