全球气候治理新形势对中国清洁能源产品贸易的影响与启示

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2026.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

《联合国气候变化框架公约》第30届缔约方大会（COP30）首次将贸易议题纳入气候谈判议程，有望为促进清洁能源产品贸易的规模化增长带来新机遇。然而，日趋紧张的地缘政治博弈和绿色技术竞争为清洁能源产品贸易的有序运行带来诸多不确定性。文章总结了全球气候治理的新成果和国际地缘政治的新动向如何影响清洁能源产品贸易，并重点分析了新形势下中国清洁能源产品出口的格局演变和潜在影响。研究认为，新形势下中国参与全球清洁能源产品贸易应重点推进以下方向：依托世界贸易组织（WTO）争端解决机制强化法律反制、巩固产业链综合优势维护出口竞争力、统筹国内外压力增强出口盈利的可持续性、锚定各国国家自主贡献（NDC）目标释放出口增长潜力，以此为中国促进清洁能源产业高质量发展提供决策参考。

关键词: 全球气候治理, 清洁能源产品贸易, 碳中和, COP30

Abstract:

The 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) has included trade issues on the climate negotiation agenda for the first time, which is expected to create new opportunities for promoting the large-scale growth of trade in renewable energy products. However, increasingly tense geopolitical rivalries and competition in green technology are creating numerous uncertainties for the orderly functioning of trade in renewable energy products. We summarize how recent developments in global climate governance and new trends in international geopolitics are affecting trade in renewable energy products, and analyze the evolving landscape of China’s renewable energy exports and their potential implications in this new context. We suggest that China’s participation in global trade in renewable energy products should prioritize the following areas: leveraging the World Trade Organization (WTO) dispute settlement mechanism to strengthen legal countermeasures; consolidating the comprehensive advantages of the industrial chain to maintain export competitiveness; coordinating domestic and international pressures to enhance the sustainability of export profits; and aligning with the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) targets to unlock the potential for export growth. These measures are intended to provide policy guidance for promoting the high-quality development of China’s renewable energy industry.

Key words: Global climate governance, Trade in renewable energy products, Carbon neutrality, COP30

孙岩, 王溥, 王毅. 全球气候治理新形势对中国清洁能源产品贸易的影响与启示[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2026, 22(4): 573-583.

SUN Yan, WANG Pu, WANG Yi. The impact and implications of the new context in global climate governance on China’s trade in renewable energy products[J]. Climate Change Research, 2026, 22(4): 573-583.

图/表 4

图1 2010—2024年全球清洁能源产品出口总额及中国份额注：数据源自联合国商品贸易统计数据库（UN Comtrade database）。

Fig. 1 Total export value of global renewable energy products and China’s contribution from 2010 to 2024

图2 WTO框架下的清洁能源产品贸易重点事件

Fig. 2 Major events of renewable energy product trade under the WTO framework

表1 全球主要经济体2035年国家自主贡献（NDC）及其可再生能源发展计划

Table 1 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) and renewable energy development plans for major global economies toward 2035

表2 2018—2025年中国清洁能源产品出口面临的贸易壁垒

Table 2 Trade barriers imposed on China’s renewable energy products from 2018 to 2025

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