关键词: 煤矿甲烷, 减排, 激励政策, 国际经验, 政策优化

Abstract:

Mitigating coal mine methane, China’s largest source of methane emissions, is a key measure for synergistically advancing climate governance, energy security, and economic transition. This is particularly critical as the country strengthens its management of all greenhouse gases, including methane, under its new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Currently, China has developed a multi-layered incentive policy framework incorporating financial subsidies, tax incentives, and carbon market mechanisms, which has fostered consistent growth in methane extraction and utilization. Nevertheless, significant challenges remain, such as the low cost-effectiveness of utilizing low-concentration methane, inadequate targeting of subsidy policies, the lack of a robust monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) system, and fragmented interagency governance. To tackle these issues, this paper conducts a systematic review of policy approaches adopted by the United States, Australia, Europe Union, and other relevant countries. From this analysis, several key insights emerge: regulatory mandates and compliance form the policy foundation; economic incentives must be precise and differentiated; fiscal funding serves as a catalyst; market-based mechanisms drive long-term mitigation; and policy packages should be tailored to local contexts. Informed by these findings, the paper proposes a comprehensive policy optimization framework built on four pillars: targeted incentives, systemic support, market-driven mechanisms, and coordinated governance. Concrete recommendations include introducing subsidy tiers based on methane concentration and differentiated electricity pricing, setting up dedicated innovation funds, enhancing carbon market design while piloting subnational carbon inclusion mechanisms, and establishing integrated MRV and cross-departmental coordination systems. Ultimately, this study aims to offer systematic guidance for transitioning China’s coal mine methane mitigation efforts from a resource utilization-focused model toward a strategy oriented around precise emission control.

Key words: Coal mine methane, Mitigation, Incentive policies, International experience, Policy optimization