青藏高原冰冻圈变化对工程的影响

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2024.261

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气候变化导致了青藏高原冰冻圈的快速变化，增加了冰冻圈灾害发生的规模和频率，严重威胁着冰冻圈区域工程和运营安全，影响青藏高原冰冻圈区域的可持续发展和人民的生活福祉。文中分析了青藏高原冰冻圈区域工程所面临的挑战，阐述了近年来青藏高原冰冻圈变化及其未来变化趋势。从冰冻圈灾害类型和观测到的冰冻圈灾害对工程影响的视角，探讨了冰冻圈变化和灾害对工程设计和安全运营以及工程建设和维护经济成本的影响。提出了减缓气候变化下冰冻圈变化和灾害的应对策略，并讨论了工程的应对策略和技术措施。

关键词: 冰冻圈变化, 冰冻圈灾害, 工程, 青藏高原

Abstract:

Climate change has led to rapid cryosphere changes in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, resulting in the increasing of the scale and frequency of cryosphere disasters. Consequently, cryosphere changes impose considerable threaten to the engineering safety, impacting the regional sustainable development and people’s well-being in the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. This paper reviews the challenges faced by engineering in the cryosphere regions of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, and expounds the cryosphere changes in recent years and its future change trends. From the perspective of the types of cryosphere disasters and the observed influence of cryosphere disasters on engineering, the influence of cryosphere disasters caused by cryosphere changes on engineering design and safe operation, as well as the economic cost of engineering construction and maintenance are discussed. The coping strategies to mitigate the cryosphere changes and disasters under climate change are put forward, and the coping strategies and technical measures of engineering are discussed.

Key words: Cryosphere change, Cryosphere disaster, Engineering, Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

吴青柏, 徐晓明, 贺建桥, 姚晓军, 张中琼. 青藏高原冰冻圈变化对工程的影响[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2025, 21(1): 22-31.

WU Qing-Bai, XU Xiao-Ming, HE Jian-Qiao, YAO Xiao-Jun, ZHANG Zhong-Qiong. Impact of cryosphere changes on engineering in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Climate Change Research, 2025, 21(1): 22-31.

图/表 4

图1 青藏高原冰川、冻土和积雪分布和重大基础设施注：本图冰川数据来源于Guo等[15]；多年冻土数据来源于Zou等[16]；积雪数据来源于Wang等[17]；青藏高原边界数据来源于张镱锂[18]；基础设施工程数据来源于Ran等[19]。

Fig. 1 Distribution of glaciers, permafrost and snow on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and major infrastructures

图2 冰冻圈变化与灾害对工程的影响

Fig. 2 Impact of cryosphere changes and disasters on engineering

图3 风吹雪防治措施

Fig. 3 Drifiting snow control measures

图4 土体冻胀和多年冻土融沉防治技术

Fig. 4 Prevention and control techniques for frost heave and thaw settlement of permafrost

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