透过“沸腾”的COP28看中美参与全球气候治理

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2024.164

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方大会（COP）是全球气候治理的焦点和风向标。2023年全球气温刷新器测纪录，年底的COP28更是打破历次COP参会人数纪录，正式注册参会代表超过8万人。作为全球气候治理的重要平台，无论是大会成果还是参会人员都直接反映了气候治理背后的推动力和各国参与全球气候治理的动向。通过分析历届COP参会人员及构成、中美两国COP28的参会代表组成，结合中美两国气候政策以及公众的气候变化认知现状，探讨COP28大会上中美两国参与全球气候治理的关注焦点。结果表明：中美两国的气候政策和行动与COP大会参与代表之间具有一定关联。受政策连续性的影响，美国政府一改特朗普时期的消极态度，积极参与大会。COP28大会期间，美国侧重于政治层面发力，以联邦政府官员作为主要参会群体。中国在积极开展政治磋商的同时，参会代表中更多出现的是新能源等行业和技术领域的专业人员。对中美气候政策和公众认知的梳理表明，中美两国国内气候政策和公众气候变化认知增强对全球气候治理具有积极的推动作用。

关键词: COP28, 气候治理, 公众认知, 中美比较

Abstract:

The Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) serves as the focal point and benchmark for global climate governance. In 2023, global temperature broke instrumental records. The year-end COP28 broke all previous records of the conference, with over 80000 officially registered participants. As an essential platform for global climate governance, both the outcomes of the conference and the participants directly reflected the driving force behind climate governance and the trends of countries’ participation in global climate governance. The focus of China and the USA on global climate governance at the COP28 was explored through the analysis of previous COP participants and their compositions, as well as the delegation makeup of China and the USA at COP28, coupled with the climate policies and the current public perceptions of climate change in both countries. The results indicated that the climate policies and actions of both countries were relevant to the participation of their representatives at this COP. Due to the continuity of policies, the USA government reversed its passive stance during the Trump era and is now actively engaging in the conference. At this COP meeting, the USA focused on political efforts, with federal government officials as the primary participant group. China was actively engaged in political negotiation, and its conference delegated predominantly consist of experts from renewable energy and related technological fields. A review of China and the USA’ climate policies and public perception indicated that strengthened domestic climate policies and heightened public perception of climate change in both nations contributed positively to global climate governance.

Key words: COP28, Climate governance, Public perception, Comparison between China and the USA

徐源, 张永香. 透过“沸腾”的COP28看中美参与全球气候治理[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2025, 21(1): 135-143.

XU Yuan, ZHANG Yong-Xiang. An analysis of China and the United States’s global climate governance at the “boiling” COP28[J]. Climate Change Research, 2025, 21(1): 135-143.

图/表 4

图1 2010—2023年参加《联合国气候变化框架公约》缔约方大会（COP）的人员变化趋势

Fig. 1 Trend of participants at Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC from 2010 to 2023

图2 中美两国气候治理政策与行动

Fig. 2 Climate governance policies and actions of China and USA

图3 2023年中国(a)和美国(b)参与COP28的政府溢出中不同行业领域人数分布情况

Fig. 3 Distribution of participants from different industry sectors in government overflows for China (a) and USA (b) at COP28 in 2023

图4 中国政府机构(a)以及科技推广和应用服务业(b)参与COP28代表的类别分析

Fig. 4 Category analysis of delegates from Chinese governmental agencies (a) and technology promotion and application service industries (b) participating in COP28

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