变暖背景下砾石换填对多年冻土区机场跑道下地温场的影响

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2023.216

气候变化研究进展 ›› 2024, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (3): 291-303.doi: 10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2023.216

变暖背景下砾石换填对多年冻土区机场跑道下地温场的影响

王娇娇¹, 张虎¹^,²^,⁵, 金晓颖¹^,², 黄帅¹, 王宏伟¹^,³, 王文辉¹, 詹涛², 周刚义⁴, 车富强⁴, 李艳⁵, 李新宇⁶, 何瑞霞⁵, 张泽¹^,², 张圣嵘¹^,², 李国玉⁵, 童长江⁵, 王逊², 金会军¹^,²^,⁵()

1 东北林业大学土木与交通学院冻土研究所/教育部东北冻土地质系统与环境观测试验研究站，哈尔滨 150040
2 黑龙江省自然资源调查院大兴安岭漠河冻土与寒区环境野外科学观测研究站（自然资源部，哈尔滨 150036
3 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院甘肃遥感重点实验室和黑河遥感试验研究站，兰州 730000
4 国家林业和草原局重点国有林区森林资源监测中心，加格达奇 165100
5 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院冻土工程国家重点实验室，兰州 730000
6 哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院，哈尔滨 150090

收稿日期:2023-09-28 修回日期:2024-02-01 出版日期:2024-05-30 发布日期:2024-05-06
通讯作者: 金会军，男，教授，hjjin@nefu.edu.cn
作者简介:王娇娇，女，硕士研究生
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42271130);国家自然科学基金(U20A2082);东北林业大学成栋领军人才启动项目(LJ2020-01);科技部基础资源调查专项“东北年冻土区工程冻害调查和制图”(2022FY100703);黑龙江省自然资源调查院大兴安岭漠河冻土与寒区环境野外科学观测研究站（国土资源部）自主课题(漠河-霍拉河盆地冻土与寒区环境效应影响研究)

Influences of gravel refilling on temperature fields of runway foundation soils in permafrost regions under a warming climate: a case study of the Mohe airport, northern Heilongjiang province, Northeast China

WANG Jiao-Jiao¹, ZHANG Hu¹^,²^,⁵, JIN Xiao-Ying¹^,², HUANG Shuai¹, WANG Hong-Wei¹^,³, WANG Wen-Hui¹, ZHAN Tao², ZHOU Gang-Yi⁴, CHE Fu-Qiang⁴, LI Yan⁵, LI Xin-Yu⁶, HE Rui-Xia⁵, ZHANG Ze¹^,², ZHANG Sheng-Rong¹^,², LI Guo-Yu⁵, TONG Chang-Jiang⁵, WANG Xun², JIN Hui-Jun¹^,²^,⁵()

1 School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Permafrost Institute, and Ministry of Education Northeast-China Station of Permafrost Geo-environment Systems, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
2 Joint Field Observation and Research Station of Permafrost and Cold Regions Environment in the Da Xing’anling Mountains, Northeast China (Ministry of Natural Resources), Heilongjiang Resources Survey Institute of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150036, China
3 Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing and Heihe Remote Sensing Experimental Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
4 Forest Resources Monitoring Center of Key State-owned Forests Regions, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Jiagedaqi 165100, China
5 State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soils Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
6 School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China

Received:2023-09-28 Revised:2024-02-01 Online:2024-05-30 Published:2024-05-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

受气候变暖影响，东北北部地区冻融灾害频发，对寒区工程设施造成了重要影响。地基温度场的研究是分析与解决工程基础冻融灾害的重要手段。文中我们以漠河机场跑道为对象，通过有限单元法研究了洁净砾石换填对机场道基温度场的影响，并对运行30年内道基温度场进行预测。结果表明，换填使季节最大冻结深度（MSF）增加，且换填对道基下MSF的水平影响范围在道面中心线两侧30 m左右。之后，通过比较不同换填深度（1.5（顶）~3.5（底)、1.5~4.5、1.5~5.5和1.5~6.5 m）的道基温度场变化，发现：换填底部深度达到4.5 m时，MSF变化的速率开始减小。最后，根据IPCC 第六次评估报告（AR6）未来100年间不同气候变暖速率模型模拟研究了无换填与不同换填深度下的MSF可能变化。结果发现，到2100年，在SSP2-4.5情景下，未换填及不同换填深度的道基下MSF分别为1.63、1.86、1.84、1.84和1.84 m。因此，利用换填法来减少跑道冻融灾害时换填深度应至少达到4.5 m。同时，应加强漠河机场道基地表水与该跑道区地下水的防排水设施建设与维运。研究结果有助于进一步认识换填对多年冻土和活动层水热状态的影响，可为解决道基冻胀和融沉问题提供重要科学依据。

关键词: 多年冻土, 机场跑道, 地温, 季节最大冻结深度（MSF）, 数值模拟

Abstract:

Under a warming climate, frost hazards have become increasingly more frequent in permafrost regions in North of Northeast China. In the studies of engineering design, construction and operation/maintenance in permafrost regions, research on the ground temperature fields of engineered foundations is key to analyzing and solving problems due to frost hazards. In this paper, the finite element method was used to investigate the impacts of refilling of clean gravels on the ground temperature fields of runway foundation soils, and to predict the temperature fields of the foundation soils under the runway over a 30-year period of runway operation. The results indicate that the gravel refilling of runway foundation soils can significantly increase the maximum-depth of seasonal frost-penetration (MSF). The horizontal thermal influence of the refilling on the MSF of the foundation would extend laterally to about 30 m at each side. Then, by comparing the changes in ground temperature fields of the foundation structures with different refilling depths (1.5 (top of the refill) to 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5 (bottom) m), it is found that the rate of change in MSF would gradually decrease when the bottom of refilling depth reaches 4.5 m. Finally, by simulating the values of MSF under no-refilling and different filling depths for different climate warming rates over the next 100 years as indicated by the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is found that by 2100, the MSF under the SSP2-4.5 scenario would be 1.63, 1.86, 1.84, 1.84 and 1.84 m, respectively. Therefore, when using the refilling of clean gravels to mitigate frost hazards of runway foundation soils, the refilling bottom depth should be no smaller than 4.5 m. At the same time, the well-managed construction and good maintenance of drainage and/or barrier facilities for surface and subsurface waters near the runway should be considered in cases of abnormally rainy and/or snowy summers and falls. This study is helpful to understand the influences of gravel refilling on the thermal state of permafrost foundation soils, and can provide an important scientific basis for solving the problems of frost heave and thaw settlement of runway foundation soils in permafrost areas.

Key words: Permafrost, Airport runway, Ground temperature, Maximum-depth of seasonal frost-penetration (MSF), Numerical model simulation

王娇娇, 张虎, 金晓颖, 黄帅, 王宏伟, 王文辉, 詹涛, 周刚义, 车富强, 李艳, 李新宇, 何瑞霞, 张泽, 张圣嵘, 李国玉, 童长江, 王逊, 金会军. 变暖背景下砾石换填对多年冻土区机场跑道下地温场的影响[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2024, 20(3): 291-303.

WANG Jiao-Jiao, ZHANG Hu, JIN Xiao-Ying, HUANG Shuai, WANG Hong-Wei, WANG Wen-Hui, ZHAN Tao, ZHOU Gang-Yi, CHE Fu-Qiang, LI Yan, LI Xin-Yu, HE Rui-Xia, ZHANG Ze, ZHANG Sheng-Rong, LI Guo-Yu, TONG Chang-Jiang, WANG Xun, JIN Hui-Jun. Influences of gravel refilling on temperature fields of runway foundation soils in permafrost regions under a warming climate: a case study of the Mohe airport, northern Heilongjiang province, Northeast China[J]. Climate Change Research, 2024, 20(3): 291-303.

图/表 13

图1 漠河机场、地温监测孔位置及其在兴贝型多年冻土区和东北地区的位置注：资料来源于Obu等[24]及 http://www.gditu.net。

Fig. 1 Location of boreholes for monitoring ground temperatures in the Mohe airport in regions of the Xing’an-Baikal permafrost in Northeast China

图2 黑龙江省北部漠河机场道基结构几何模型及计算单元划分

Fig. 2 Geometric model of the foundation structure and division of computational grids of the runway cross-sectional profile in the Mohe airport, northern Heilongjiang province

表1 漠河机场跑道道面结构热物理参数[30??-33]

Table 1 Thermophysical parameters of soils of pavement structures in the Mohe airport runway areas [30??-33]

表2 漠河机场道基土层热物理参数[30??-33]

Table 2 Thermophysical parameters of foundation soils in the Mohe airport runway areas [30??-33]

表3 漠河机场不同道面类型的温度边界条件参数 [28,36]

Table 3 Temperature boundary condition parameters for different road surface types in the Mohe airport runway areas[28,36]

图3 漠河机场跑道附近天然地表与水泥混凝土道面模拟值与实测值的温度对比

Fig. 3 Comparisons of simulated and measured values of ground temperatures under natural surface and cement concrete pavement in the Mohe airport runway areas

图4 漠河机场运行第30年未换填道基温度等值线图注：黑色虚线框表示跑道结构层。

Fig. 4 Isotherms of ground temperatures of the un-refilled foundation soils for the 30th year of runway operation in the Mohe airport. (a) January, (b) April, (c) July, and (d) October

图5 漠河机场运行第30年洁净砾石换填道基温度等值线图注：黑色虚线框表示跑道结构层。

Fig. 5 Isotherms of ground temperatures of the clean-gravel-refilled foundations for the 30th year of runway operation in the Mohe airport. (a) January, (b) April, (c) July, and (d) October

图6 漠河机场距跑道中心10、20和30 m处季节最大冻结深度（MSF）随时间变化曲线注：虚线表示跑道地基最早出现MSF的时间。

Fig. 6 Variations in the maximum-depth of seasonal frost-penetration (MSF) with operational time of the Mohe airport at 10, 20, and 30 m in horizontal distance away from the centerline of the runway

图7 漠河机场不同换填深度道基的0℃等温线图注：虚线表示跑道与天然地面之间的分割线。

Fig. 7 Burial depths of 0℃ isotherms of runway foundation soils with different refilling depths and in the Mohe airport

图8 漠河不同换填深度道基中心线随机场运行时间变化的MSF 注：虚线表示跑道地基最早出现MSF的时间。

Fig. 8 The MSF under the centerline of the runway foundation at different refilling depths at the Mohe airport

图9 气候变暖情景下不同换填深度道基中心线的MSF随时间变化

Fig. 9 The MSF under the centerline of the runway foundation at different refilling depths under various warming scenarios

图10 漠河机场道基中水分运移示意图

Fig. 10 Schematic diagram of water migration in foundation soils without (a) and with (b) refills under the runway in the Mohe airport

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变暖背景下砾石换填对多年冻土区机场跑道下地温场的影响

Influences of gravel refilling on temperature fields of runway foundation soils in permafrost regions under a warming climate: a case study of the Mohe airport, northern Heilongjiang province, Northeast China

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