Evaluation of water-related adaptation measures in Nationally Determined Contributions of Belt and Road countries

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2021.054

Abstract

Abstract:

Belt and Road (B&R) countries have been suffering from various climate risks for a long time, including water related problems, such as water shortage and flood hazard. By evaluation of water-related adaptation measures proposed in the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) submitted by B&R countries, it’s found that the risks related to climate change and water resources have been widely concerned, and most countries have put forward targeted adaptation measures more or less such as optimizing water resources management, improving water resources utilization efficiency, improving risk early warning capabilities and infrastructure construction. However, there are still a few problems including that the lack of adaptation related content in the NDCs of some B&R countries, which are mainly composed of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries; The scope of risk concerns in West Asia/the Middle East and Central Asia is not comprehensive enough to assess and plan for future potential flood risks; In Central Asia, South Asia and the Middle East, where water disputes are prominent, there is a lack of appropriate international cooperation mechanisms. There is a lack of attention to the water environment in most countries. In order to improve the adaptation capacity of B&R countries, and build a sound climate adaptation system, it is necessary to improve NDC report, establish an international cooperation mechanism, and increase the attention and investment in climate change research, ensuring the green and sustainable development of the Belt and Road Initiative.

Key words: National Determined Contribution (NDC), Global warming, Belt and Road, Water resources, Adaptation

YU Fei, CUI Hui-Juan, GE Quan-Sheng. Evaluation of water-related adaptation measures in Nationally Determined Contributions of Belt and Road countries[J]. Climate Change Research, 2022, 18(1): 70-80.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig. 1 Diagram of geographical location and climate type of countries along the Belt and Road

Fig. 2 Inter-annual variation of the median per capita amount of renewable water resources in each region along the Belt and Road from 1962 to 2014

Fig. 3 The number of flood disasters and economic losses in the world and the region along the Belt and Road (a), and the economic losses in the sub-regions (b) from 1990 to 2020

Table 1 Adaptation measures to water shortage and corresponding countries

Table 2 The lack of adaptation measures to water shortage of Belt and Road (B&R) countries and national examples

Table 3 Adaptation measures to flood disaster and corresponding countries

Table 4 The lack of adaptation measures to flood disaster of Belt and Road (B&R) countries and national examples

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