The spatiotemporal changes and risk analysis of apparent temperature in China from 1960 to 2019

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2023.286

Abstract

Abstract:

Apparent temperature (AP) describes the actual temperature felt by the human body. Based on meteorological data such as temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed from 1960 to 2019 in China, the spatiotemporal variation patterns and high temperature risks of AP were estimated and analyzed in four typical climate zones (humid zone, transitional zone, arid zone, and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau). The results showed that: (1) In terms of spatial distribution, AP decreased from the southeast coastal area to the northwest inland area, and the average AP value gradually decreased from the humid area (about 17.0℃) to the arid area (about 7.0℃) and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area (about 0.6℃). (2) The national AP showed a significant upward trend, with the rates in four typical climate zones being 0.29℃/(10 a), 0.27℃/(10 a), 0.15℃/(10 a), and 0.13℃/(10 a), respectively. (3) The contribution rate of temperature changes to AP was the highest, about 92.4%, followed by wind speed and relative humidity, about 5.6% and 2.0% respectively. (4) 70% to 80% of humid areas are defined as risk areas, and the number of days with high temperatures is increasing year by year. The 1.2% regional risk increase in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau is significant (0.22 d/a). Drought and transitional zones account for 30% to 40% of risk areas, and the risk gradually increases. The variation of high temperature risk days in typical climate zones showed spatial heterogeneity, with significant growth trends observed in most areas of humid regions and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

Key words: Apparent temperature (AP), Spatial and temporal changes, China’s climate zone, Attribution analysis, Risk

CHEN Ting-Ting, YU Wen-Jun, LI Yan-Zhong, BAI Peng, XING Yin-Cong, HUANG Man-Jie, SHAO Wei. The spatiotemporal changes and risk analysis of apparent temperature in China from 1960 to 2019[J]. Climate Change Research, 2024, 20(3): 265-277.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig. 1 Distribution of the meteorological stations and DEM on the study region

Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of annual mean Apparent Temperature (AP) and Air Temperature (AT) in 1960-2019

Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of the annual mean difference between AP and AT (ΔT) in 1960-2019

Fig. 4 Variation curves of theΔT on the typical climate zones from 1960 to 2019

Fig. 5 The spatial distribution of AP and AT trends in different temporal scales from 1960 to 2019. (“×” represent where observed trends are significant (P<0.05))

Fig. 6 Trends of AP (a) and AT (b) in the typical climatic zones

Fig. 7 Spatial distribution of the difference between the trend change of AP and AT in different spatial scales from 1960 to 2019

Fig. 8 The proportion of annual high temperature risk area (a) and temporal variation of days (b) in typical climate regions of China from 1960 to 2019

Fig. 9 Spatial distribution of the trend of high temperature risk days in China from 1960 to 2019. (The white area indicates that there is no high temperature risk area)

Fig. 10 Spatiotemporal variation of average air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed

Fig. 11 The change characteristics of AP before and after detrending. (AP represents the apparent temperature value before detrending. APdeT, APdeRH, and APdeU represent the apparent temperature values calculated by detrending air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, respectively)

Fig. 12 The spatial distribution of the relative contribution rates of the average air temperature (a-c), relative humidity (d-f), and wind speed (g-i) to AP in different timescales, respectively

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