Interpretation of IPCC AR6: impacts and adaptations of climate change on cities, settlements and key infrastructure

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2022.114

Abstract

Abstract:

The content of Chapter 6 from the Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) contributed by the IPCC Working Group II assessed the impacts and adaptations of climate change on cities, settlements and key infrastructure. The impact of climate change on cities has gradually increased in depth and scope. The dynamic interaction of urban systems with climate change has intensified the risks of cities and settlements. Adaptations through social infrastructure, Nature-based Solutions and grey/physical infrastructure all contribute to urban Climate Resilient Development. Meanwhile, the urban adaptation gap is found to be widespread all over the world. Climate Resilient Development requires collaborations among multiple actors, bridging policy action gaps and enabling conditions for adaptation action in cities, settlements and infrastructure. The experiences of AR6 show that cities in China should adopt climate resilient development paths to improve the adaptation and mitigation of climate change risks.

Key words: IPCC AR6 WGII, Climate change, Cities and settlements, Infrastructure, Adaptation

WANG Jun-Neng, QIN Nian-Xiu, JIANG Tong, SU Bu-Da. Interpretation of IPCC AR6: impacts and adaptations of climate change on cities, settlements and key infrastructure[J]. Climate Change Research, 2022, 18(4): 433-441.

Figures/Tables 2

References 22

[1]	IPCC. Climate change 2022:impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability[M]. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2022
[2]	Jiang L, O Neill B C. Global urbanization projections for the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways[J]. Global Environmental Change, 2017, 42: 193-199 doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.03.008 URL
[3]	Tessler Z D, Vörösmarty C J, Grossberg M, et al. Profiling risk and sustainability in coastal deltas of the world[J]. Science, 2015, 349 (6248): 638-643 doi: 10.1126/science.aab3574 pmid: 26250684
[4]	Juhola S, Glaas E, Linnér B, et al. Redefining maladaptation[J]. Environmental Science & Policy, 2016, 55: 135-140
[5]	UNDESA. The 2018 revision of world urbanization prospects[R/OL]. 2018 [2022-05-10]. https://www.un.org/development/desa/publications/2018-revision-of-world-urbanization-prospects.html
[6]	Mcphearson T, Karki M, Herzog C, et al. Urban ecosystems and biodiversity[M]. Cambridge: Urban Climate Change Research Network Second Assessment Report on Climate Change in Cities (ARC3-2), 2017
[7]	Mora C, Dousset B, Caldwell I R, et al. Global risk of deadly heat[J]. Nature Climate Change. 2017, 7 (7): 501-506 doi: 10.1038/nclimate3322 URL
[8]	Alfieri L, Bisselink B, Dottori F, et al. Global projections of river flood risk in a warmer world[J]. Earth’s Future, 2017, 5 (2): 171-182 doi: 10.1002/2016EF000485 URL
[9]	Kaspersen P S, Ravn N H, Arnbjerg-Nielsen K, et al. Comparison of the impacts of urban development and climate change on exposing European cities to pluvial flooding[J]. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 2017, 21 (8): 4131-4147 doi: 10.5194/hess-21-4131-2017 URL
[10]	Liu W, Sun F, Lim W H, et al. Global drought and severe drought-affected populations in 1.5 and 2℃ warmer worlds[J]. Earth System Dynamics, 2018, 9 (1): 267-283 doi: 10.5194/esd-9-267-2018 URL
[11]	Zscheischler J, Seneviratne S I. Dependence of drivers affects risks associated with compound events[J]. Science Advances, 2017, 3 (6): e1700263
[12]	Aleksandrova M. Principles and considerations for mainstreaming climate change risk into national social protection frameworks in developing countries[J]. Climate and Development, 2020, 12 (6): 511-520 doi: 10.1080/17565529.2019.1642180
[13]	Chang A Y, Cowling K, Micah A E, et al. Past, present, and future of global health financing: a review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 195 countries, 1995-2050[J]. The Lancet, 2019, 393 (10187): 2233-2260 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30841-4 URL
[14]	Horn P. Indigenous peoples, the city and inclusive urban development policies in Latin America: Lessons from Bolivia and Ecuador[J]. Development Policy Review, 2018, 36 (4): 483-501 doi: 10.1111/dpr.12234 URL
[15]	Andersson E, Langemeyer J, Borgström S, et al. Enabling green and blue infrastructure to improve contributions to human well-being and equity in urban systems[J]. BioScience, 2019, 69 (7): 566-574 doi: 10.1093/biosci/biz058 pmid: 31308573
[16]	Geneletti D, Zardo L. Ecosystem-based adaptation in cities: an analysis of European urban climate adaptation plans[J]. Land Use Policy, 2016, 50: 38-47 doi: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2015.09.003 URL
[17]	Long J, Rice J L. From sustainable urbanism to climate urbanism[J]. Urban Studies, 2018, 56 (5): 992-1008 doi: 10.1177/0042098018770846 URL
[18]	Wachsmuth D, Cohen D A, Angelo H. Expand the frontiers of urban sustainability[J]. Nature, 2016, 536 (7617): 391-393 doi: 10.1038/536391a URL
[19]	Di Giulio G M, Torres R R, Lapola D M, et al. Bridging the gap between will and action on climate change adaptation in large cities in Brazil[J]. Regional Environmental Change, 2019, 19 (8): 2491-2502 doi: 10.1007/s10113-019-01570-z URL
[20]	翟盘茂, 袁宇锋, 余荣, 等. 气候变化和城市可持续发展[J]. 科学通报, 2019, 64 (19): 1995-2001.
	Zhai P M, Yuan Y F, Yu R, et al. Climate change and sustainable development for cities[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2019, 64 (19): 1995-2001
[21]	侯路瑶, 姜允芳, 石铁矛, 等. 基于气候变化的城市规划研究进展与展望[J]. 城市规划, 2019, 43 (3): 121-132.
	Hou L Y, Jiang Y F, Shi T M, et al. Overview and prospect of urban planning studies based on climate change[J]. City Planning Review, 2019, 43 (3): 121-132
[22]	陈明星, 先乐, 王朋岭, 等. 气候变化与多维度可持续城市化[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76 (8): 1895-1909. doi: 10.11821/dlxb202108006
	Chen M X, Xian Y, Wang P L, et al. Climate change and multi-dimensional sustainable urbanization[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76 (8): 1895-1909