气候变化研究进展 ›› 2012, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (4): 265-271.

• 气候变化影响 • 上一篇    下一篇

北方农牧交错带春小麦生育期对气候变化的响应——以内蒙古武川县为例

董智强1,2, 潘志华1,2, 安萍莉1, 潘学标1,2, 赵沛义2   

  1. 1 中国农业大学资源与环境学院;
    2 农业部呼和浩特农牧交错带生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站
  • 收稿日期:2011-10-14 修回日期:2012-02-20 出版日期:2012-07-30 发布日期:2012-07-30
  • 通讯作者: 潘志华 E-mail:panzhihua@cau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金资助项目;国家重大科学研究计划“973”项目

Responses of Growth Period of Spring Wheat in Northern Ecotone to Climate Change: A Case of Wuchuan County, Inner Mongolia, China

  • Received:2011-10-14 Revised:2012-02-20 Online:2012-07-30 Published:2012-07-30

摘要: 北方农牧交错带是气候变化的敏感地带,研究气候变化对农业生产的影响规律与农业生产的响应特征,对促进北方农牧交错带的农业可持续发展具有重要意义。以北方农牧交错带代表性站点——武川县为例,基于1960—2009年气象观测数据和1992—2010年春小麦农业气象观测数据,研究了气候变化与春小麦生育期变化之间的相互关系。结果表明,武川县1960—2009年年平均气温每10年升高0.43℃,春季稳定通过0℃的初日每10年提前0.98 d,当地满足春小麦播种温度的日期有提前的趋势,秋季稳定通过0℃的终日每10年推迟0.24 d,生长季具有延长趋势;1992—2010年作物生长季(4—8月)0~10 cm、10~20 cm土壤相对湿度有明显下降趋势,平均每10年分别下降18%和13%;播种期与0~10 cm和10~20 cm土壤相对湿度呈现显著负相关关系,表现为土壤相对湿度每降低1%,播种期分别推迟0.2 d和0.3 d;各生育期与播种期一样,受温度与水分综合作用的影响,不同生育期与二者之间关系不同,各生育期之间持续日数与二者呈正相关关系。研究得出,春小麦生育期的变化是各气侯因素综合作用的结果,在北方农牧交错带,水分对农作物生长发育具有较大影响,直接影响着春小麦的各个生育过程。

关键词: 气候变化, 春小麦, 生育期, 响应, 武川县

Abstract: The northern ecotone is an area sensitive to climate changes, and crop’s growth and development are profoundly affected by them. Studies on the impact law of climate change on agricultural production and crops’ response to climate change are of great significance to promote sustainable development of agriculture in the northern farming-pastoral ecotone. Based on the 1960-2009 meteorological data and 1992-2010 agro-meteorological observation data of spring wheat in Wuchuan County, the relationship between climate change and growth period changes of spring wheat were studied in this paper as a representative case of the northern farming-pastoral ecotone. It is shown that the annual temperature of Wuchuan County increased at an average rate of 0.43℃/10a in 1960-2009. The date to meet the spring wheat seeding temperature had an advanced trend. The first date for daily mean temperature in spring to steadily pass through 0 ℃ advanced 0.98 d/10a, the last date for daily mean temperature in autumn to steadily fall down through 0 ℃ postponed 0.24 d/10a, and thereby the growing season of spring wheat had an extending trend. The soil relative humidity in soil layers 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depth in crop growing season (April-August) during the period 1992-2010 had a decreasing trend with an average rate of 18%/10a and 13%/10a, respectively. The first date of the sowing stage was significantly negatively correlated with the soil relative humidity of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depths, i.e., the soil relative humidity reduced every 1%, the first date delayed 0.2 and 0.3 d, respectively. The other growing stages were the same as sowing stage, affected by the combined effects of temperature and soil moisture, that is to say, duration days between various growth stages was positively correlated with temperature and soil moisture. It is concluded that changes in spring wheat growth period are the result of the combined effect of climatic factors, but in the northern farming-pastoral ecotone, soil moisture has a greater impact on crop’s growth and development, in particular, directly on all growth stage processes of spring wheat.

Key words: climate change, spring wheat, growth period, response, Wuchuan County

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