中国60城市站1901—2019年日降水数据集的构建

doi:10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2022.006

气候变化研究进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (6): 670-682.doi: 10.12006/j.issn.1673-1719.2022.006

中国60城市站1901—2019年日降水数据集的构建

战云健¹(), 陈东辉¹(), 廖捷¹, 鞠晓慧¹, 赵煜飞¹, 任国玉²^,³

1 中国气象局国家气象信息中心，北京 100081
2 中国气象局国家气候中心，北京 100081
3 中国地质大学（武汉）环境学院，武汉 430074

收稿日期:2022-01-11 修回日期:2022-02-24 出版日期:2022-11-30 发布日期:2022-04-29
通讯作者: 陈东辉
作者简介:战云健，男，高级工程师，zhanyj@cma.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“不同温升情景下区域气象灾害风险预估”(2019YFA0606904);“国家气象科学数据中心建设”专项资金;国家重点科技研发计划项目“全球变化及应对”重点专项(2018YFA0605603)

Construction of a daily precipitation dataset of 60 city stations in China for the period 1901-2019

ZHAN Yun-Jian¹(), CHEN Dong-Hui¹(), LIAO Jie¹, JU Xiao-Hui¹, ZHAO Yu-Fei¹, REN Guo-Yu²^,³

1 National Meteorological Information Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
2 National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
3 School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China

Received:2022-01-11 Revised:2022-02-24 Online:2022-11-30 Published:2022-04-29
Contact: CHEN Dong-Hui

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来中国区域降水的极端化问题得到学术界的广泛关注，有关研究也获得了大量成果。但是，目前国内外常用的高分辨率降水资料序列多从1951年左右开始，普遍缺少20世纪早期中国的逐日降水资料，对于近一百多年中国极端降水变化特征及其机理，目前还不清楚。基于多来源的1901—1950年原始观测报表数字化逐日降水资料，补充先前未录入的“无降水”和缺测数据，研发质量控制方案并开展质量控制，补充录入检出的缺失和错误数据并再次质控，结合1951年以来的现代降水日值资料，建立中国60个城市站1901—2019年降水日值数据集。数据集评估结果显示，早期中国东部地区的台站较为密集，数据完整性和正确性较好，但中国西部的台站数量少且完整性和正确性偏低。本数据集构建的年总降水量累积值序列与已有的月降水量数据基本一致。基于该数据集，研究发现重庆站近百年来的降水未出现显著的趋势性变化。该数据集使后续分析研究中国极端降水的百年尺度长期变化特征成为可能。

关键词: 观测数据, 逐日降水, 百年序列, 极端降水, 中国

Abstract:

In recent years, the change of extreme precipitation in China has received extensive attention, and related research has obtained a lot of results. However, the high-resolution precipitation data from the well-known datasets worldwide generally start around 1951 at present, lacking daily precipitation data in China in the early 20th century, so the characteristics and mechanism of extreme precipitation changes throughout China in the past 100 years are still unclear. Based on multiple sources of digital daily precipitation data from 1901 to 1950, through supplementing the previously unrecorded “no precipitation” and missing data, developing the quality control plans and carry out quality control work, filling in some missing and erroneous data, and combining the modern daily precipitation data since 1951, a dataset of daily precipitation was established for the past 119 years (1901-2019) of 60 city stations in China. The assessment results show that the stations in the eastern part of China are relatively dense, and the data integrity and correctness are better, but there are only a few stations in Western China and the integrity is low. The accumulated annual precipitation time series constructed by the dataset are basically consistent with the existing monthly precipitation datasets. Based on this dataset, it is found that there is no significant trend in precipitation and extreme precipitation at Chongqing station during the past 119 years, and the centennial long-term change characteristics of extreme precipitation in China can be further analyzed by using this dataset.

Key words: Observed data, Daily precipitation, Hundred-year time series, Extreme precipitation, China

战云健, 陈东辉, 廖捷, 鞠晓慧, 赵煜飞, 任国玉. 中国60城市站1901—2019年日降水数据集的构建[J]. 气候变化研究进展, 2022, 18(6): 670-682.

ZHAN Yun-Jian, CHEN Dong-Hui, LIAO Jie, JU Xiao-Hui, ZHAO Yu-Fei, REN Guo-Yu. Construction of a daily precipitation dataset of 60 city stations in China for the period 1901-2019[J]. Climate Change Research, 2022, 18(6): 670-682.

图/表 10

图1 1901—1950年中国60站降水资料空间分布及序列长度

Fig. 1 Geographic distribution and number of valid years for 60 stations from 1901 to 1950

图2 1901—2019年60个城市台站数量的时间变化

Fig. 2 Variation of station numbers from 1901 to 2019

图3 1901—2019年60个城市台站数据实有率(a)、正确率(b)、可疑率(c)、站址差异数据所占比率(d)以及估测为0数据所占比率(e)的时间变化

Fig. 3 Variation of the valid rate (a), correct rate (b), suspicious rate (c), the rate of data with different locations (d), and the rate of data estimated to be 0 (e) for 60 stations from 1901 to 2019

图4 1901—2019年中国60城市站逐日降水资料实有率(a)和正确率(b)空间分布

Fig. 4 Geographic distribution of the valid rate (a) and the correct rate (b) for 60 stations from 1901 to 2019

图5 1901—1950年中国60城市站逐日降水资料实有率(a)、可疑率(b)、站址差异数据所占比率(c)以及估测为0数据所占比率(d)空间分布

Fig. 5 Geographic distribution of the valid rate (a), the suspicious rate (b), the rate of data with different locations (c), and the rate of data estimated to be 0 (d) for 60 stations from 1901 to 1950

图6 1901—2019年北京(a)以及中国区域平均(b)的日值和月值累加成的年降水量时间序列

Fig. 6 Time series of annual precipitation accumulated by daily and monthly precipitation in Beijing (a) and regional average in China (b) from 1901 to 2019

图7 1943年日值(a)和月值(b)累加成的年降水量空间分布

Fig. 7 The spatial distribution of annual precipitation accumulated by daily (a) and monthly (b) in 1943

表1 重庆市解放前和解放初期（1954年之前）全部气象观测台站基本信息、与沙坪坝站的距离以及本数据集的选用情况

Table 1 The basic information, distance to Shapingba station, and the selection status in this dataset of all the meteorological observation stations before 1954 in Chongqing

图8 1901—2019年重庆逐日降水量时间序列及数据来源

Fig. 8 Time series of daily precipitation and the data source in Chongqing from 1901 to 2019

图9 1901—2019年重庆年降水量(a)、年降水日数(b)和年平均日降水强度(c)时间序列

Fig. 9 Time series of annual precipitation (a), precipitation days (b), and precipitation intensity (c) above 0.1 mm in Chongqing from 1901 to 2019

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中国60城市站1901—2019年日降水数据集的构建

Construction of a daily precipitation dataset of 60 city stations in China for the period 1901-2019

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